{"id":12853,"date":"2025-07-30T17:19:50","date_gmt":"2025-07-30T15:19:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/camecenter.com\/blog\/?p=12853"},"modified":"2026-10-31T15:37:25","modified_gmt":"2026-10-31T13:37:25","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a5%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%b9%d8%a8%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b2%d9%85%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/camecenter.com\/blog\/%d8%aa%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a5%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%b9%d8%a8%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b2%d9%85%d9%86\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a 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14px!important;padding:0!important;display:grid;gap:8px;max-width:none!important}\n#came-lp .dp-ideas li,#came-lp .dp-items li{margin:0!important;display:flex;gap:8px;align-items:flex-start;font-size:15.5px;line-height:1.8}\n#came-lp .dp-items li::before{content:\"\";flex:none;width:7px;height:7px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--teal);margin-top:11px}\n#came-lp .ic-bulb{flex:none;width:22px;height:22px;margin-top:3px;fill:#FFD27A;stroke:#B07A10;stroke-width:1.4}\n#came-lp .dp-q{margin:8px 0 0!important;padding:14px 18px;border-radius:14px;background:var(--accent-soft);border-inline-start:4px solid #FFD27A}\n#came-lp .dp-q p{margin:0!important;font-family:var(--f-display);font-size:16.5px;line-height:1.8}\n#came-lp .dp-q cite{display:block;margin-top:4px;font-style:normal;font-size:13.5px;color:var(--muted)}\n#came-lp .dp-ctx{display:grid;gap:10px;padding:14px 22px 18px;background:#0B1F38;color:#DCE8F5}\n#came-lp .dp-ind{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px}\n#came-lp .chip{display:inline-flex;gap:6px;align-items:center;padding:4px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:rgba(95,214,120,.14);color:#9BE7A8;font-size:13.5px}\n#came-lp .chip b{font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}\n#came-lp .dp-ctx ul{list-style:none;margin:0!important;padding:0!important;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:6px 18px;max-width:none!important}\n#came-lp .dp-ctx li{margin:0!important;font-size:13.5px;line-height:1.7;display:flex;gap:6px;align-items:center}\n#came-lp .dp-ctx li::before{content:\"\";width:7px;height:7px;border-radius:50%;background:#FFD27A}\n#came-lp .dsvg{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;font-family:var(--f-display);direction:ltr}\n#came-lp .dsvg.wide{min-width:560px}\n#came-lp .dsvg .bg2{fill:var(--surface-2);stroke:var(--line)}\n#came-lp .dsvg .bx{fill:var(--surface);stroke:var(--line);stroke-width:1.5}\n#came-lp .dsvg .f-acc{fill:#0A8FBE}\n#came-lp .dsvg .f-navy{fill:#073C77}\n#came-lp .dsvg .f-teal{fill:#05B4CA}\n#came-lp .dsvg .f-blue{fill:#0A64A9}\n#came-lp .dsvg .f-gold{fill:#FFD27A}\n#came-lp .dsvg .f-acc2{fill:#0A8FBE}\n#came-lp .dsvg .f-hatch{fill:#0A8FBE;fill-opacity:.35;stroke:#0A8FBE;stroke-dasharray:3 2}\n#came-lp .dsvg .t{fill:var(--ink);font-size:14px}\n#came-lp .dsvg .th{fill:var(--ink);font-size:15px;font-weight:700}\n#came-lp .dsvg .tm{fill:var(--muted);font-size:12px}\n#came-lp .dsvg .tn{fill:var(--ink);font-size:13px;font-weight:700}\n#came-lp .dsvg .tw{fill:#fff;font-size:14px;font-weight:600}\n#came-lp .dsvg .tk{fill:#073C77;font-size:14px;font-weight:700}\n#came-lp .dsvg .ln{stroke:var(--line);stroke-width:1}\n#came-lp .dsvg .ln2{stroke:var(--muted);stroke-width:2;fill:none}\n#came-lp .dsvg .ln3{stroke:#FFD27A;stroke-width:4}\n#came-lp .dsvg .ln-dash{stroke:#E0533D;stroke-width:2;stroke-dasharray:5 4}\n#came-lp .dsvg .arr{stroke:var(--muted);stroke-width:2.5;fill:none;marker-end:url(#ah)}\n#came-lp .dsvg .tri{fill:none;stroke:var(--muted);stroke-width:2;stroke-dasharray:6 5}\n#came-lp .cards{margin:30px 0;padding:24px clamp(14px,3vw,28px);border-radius:20px;background:var(--surface-2);border:1px solid var(--line)}\n#came-lp .cd-head{display:grid;gap:4px;margin-bottom:16px}\n#came-lp .cd-eyebrow{font-family:var(--f-display);font-size:12.5px;font-weight:600;color:var(--teal);letter-spacing:.3px}\n#came-lp .cd-head strong{font-family:var(--f-display);font-size:clamp(18px,2vw,22px);line-height:1.5;color:var(--ink)}\n#came-lp .cards p.cd-note{margin:-6px 0 14px!important;font-size:14px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--muted);max-width:none}\n#came-lp .pc-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(250px,1fr));gap:12px}\n#came-lp .pc{min-width:0;background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:16px;padding:16px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:8px;border-top:4px solid var(--pc)}\n#came-lp .pc-top{display:flex;gap:12px;align-items:center}\n#came-lp .pc-ini{flex:none;width:54px;height:54px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--pc);color:#fff;display:grid;place-items:center;font-family:var(--f-display);font-weight:700;font-size:26px;line-height:1;box-shadow:0 0 0 4px color-mix(in srgb,var(--pc) 18%,transparent)}\n#came-lp .pc-names{display:flex;flex-direction:column;min-width:0;line-height:1.45}\n#came-lp .pc-names b{font-family:var(--f-display);font-size:17px;color:var(--ink)}\n#came-lp .pc-en{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--accent);font-weight:500}\n#came-lp .pc-years{font-size:12.5px;color:var(--muted);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}\n#came-lp .cards .pc p{margin:0!important;max-width:none;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.75}\n#came-lp .pc-work span{font-family:var(--f-display);font-weight:600;color:var(--muted);font-size:13px}\n#came-lp .pc-wy{color:var(--muted)}\n#came-lp .cards .pc .pc-idea{color:var(--ink);padding-top:8px;border-top:1px dashed var(--line)}\n#came-lp .bk-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(150px,1fr));gap:14px}\n#came-lp .bk{margin:0;min-width:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:8px}\n#came-lp .bk-cover{position:relative;aspect-ratio:2\/3;border-radius:6px 12px 12px 6px;background:var(--bk);color:#fff;padding:16px 14px 14px 18px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:6px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 10px 22px -12px rgba(7,60,119,.55)}\n#came-lp .bk-cover::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;inset:0 auto 0 0;width:8px;background:rgba(0,0,0,.22)}\n#came-lp .bk-cover::after{content:\"\";position:absolute;inset:auto 0 0 0;height:38%;background:linear-gradient(180deg,transparent,rgba(0,0,0,.18))}\n#came-lp .bk-year{font-family:var(--f-display);font-weight:700;font-size:13px;background:rgba(255,255,255,.18);border-radius:999px;padding:1px 10px;align-self:flex-start}\n#came-lp .bk-ar{font-family:var(--f-display);font-size:17px;line-height:1.45;margin-top:auto;position:relative;z-index:1}\n#came-lp .bk-en{font-size:11.5px;line-height:1.45;opacity:.9;position:relative;z-index:1}\n#came-lp .bk-au{font-family:var(--f-display);font-size:12.5px;font-weight:600;padding-top:6px;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.35);position:relative;z-index:1}\n#came-lp .bk figcaption{font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;text-align:center}\n#came-lp .bk-link{color:var(--link);text-decoration:none;font-family:var(--f-display);font-weight:600}\n#came-lp .co-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(220px,1fr));gap:12px}\n#came-lp .co{min-width:0;background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:16px;padding:14px 16px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:6px;border-inline-start:5px solid var(--co)}\n#came-lp .co-mark{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap}\n#came-lp .co-mark b{font-family:var(--f-display);font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:var(--co)}\n#came-lp .co-mark span{font-size:13px;font-weight:600;color:var(--muted);letter-spacing:.3px}\n#came-lp .co-year{font-family:var(--f-display);font-size:13px;font-weight:700;color:var(--ink);background:var(--surface-2);border-radius:999px;padding:0 10px;align-self:flex-start}\n#came-lp .cards .co p{margin:0!important;max-width:none;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.75}\n@media (max-width:680px){#came-lp .pc-grid,#came-lp .co-grid{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}\n#came-lp .bk-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:10px}\n#came-lp .bk-cover{aspect-ratio:auto;min-height:250px;padding:14px 12px 12px 16px}\n#came-lp .bk-ar{font-size:15.5px}\n#came-lp .bk-en{font-size:11px}}\n#came-lp .ov{margin:26px 0 30px;padding:24px clamp(14px,3vw,28px);border-radius:20px;background:var(--surface-2);border:1px solid var(--line)}\n#came-lp .ov-head{display:grid;gap:4px;margin-bottom:16px}\n#came-lp .ov-eyebrow{font-family:var(--f-display);font-size:12.5px;font-weight:600;color:var(--teal);letter-spacing:.3px}\n#came-lp .ov-head strong{font-family:var(--f-display);font-size:clamp(18px,2vw,22px);line-height:1.5;color:var(--ink)}\n#came-lp .ov-list{list-style:none;margin:0!important;padding:0!important;display:grid;gap:12px;max-width:none!important}\n#came-lp .ov-list li{margin:0!important;display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(150px,26%) minmax(0,1fr);gap:14px;align-items:center}\n#came-lp .ov-lab{display:flex;flex-direction:column;line-height:1.4}\n#came-lp .ov-lab b{font-family:var(--f-display);font-size:15.5px;font-weight:700;color:var(--c)}\n#came-lp .ov-lab span{font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}\n#came-lp .ov-track{position:relative;height:30px;border-radius:8px;background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--line)}\n#came-lp .ov-track i{position:absolute;top:4px;bottom:4px;display:block}\n#came-lp .ov-peak{background:var(--c);border-radius:6px;min-width:34px}\n#came-lp .ov-peak em{position:absolute;top:50%;right:6px;transform:translateY(-50%);font-style:normal;font-family:var(--f-display);font-weight:700;font-size:12.5px;color:#fff;line-height:1}\n#came-lp .ov-tail{background:repeating-linear-gradient(90deg,color-mix(in srgb,var(--c) 40%,transparent) 0 6px,transparent 6px 10px);border-radius:0 6px 6px 0}\n#came-lp .ov-axis{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(150px,26%) minmax(0,1fr);gap:14px;margin-top:6px}\n#came-lp .ov-ticks{grid-column:2;position:relative;height:20px}\n#came-lp .ov-ticks span{position:absolute;top:0;transform:translateX(50%);font-family:var(--f-display);font-size:12px;font-weight:600;color:var(--muted)}\n#came-lp .ov-ticks span:first-child{transform:none}\n#came-lp .ov-ticks span:last-child{transform:translateX(100%)}\n#came-lp .ov-legend{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px 18px;margin-top:14px;font-size:13.5px;color:var(--muted)}\n#came-lp .ov-legend i{display:inline-block;width:22px;height:10px;border-radius:3px;margin-inline-end:6px;vertical-align:middle}\n#came-lp .ov-legend .k1{background:#0A64A9}\n#came-lp .ov-legend .k2{background:repeating-linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(10,100,169,.45) 0 6px,transparent 6px 10px)}\n@media (max-width:680px){#came-lp .ov-list li{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:4px}\n#came-lp .ov-axis{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}\n#came-lp .ov-ticks{grid-column:1}}\n@media (max-width:820px){#came-lp .dp-body{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}\n#came-lp .dp-head{padding:14px 16px}\n#came-lp .dp-body{padding:16px}\n#came-lp .dp-ctx{padding:12px 16px 16px}}\n#came-lp .refs p[dir]{padding-inline-start:2.2em;text-indent:-2.2em;text-align:start;unicode-bidi:plaintext;overflow-wrap:anywhere;font-size:15px;line-height:1.8;margin:0 0 10px}\n#came-lp .layers{margin:30px 0;padding:26px clamp(14px,3vw,30px);border-radius:20px;background:var(--surface-2);border:1px solid var(--line)}\n#came-lp .lay-head{display:grid;gap:4px;margin-bottom:20px}\n#came-lp .lay-eyebrow{font-family:var(--f-display);font-size:12.5px;font-weight:600;color:var(--teal);letter-spacing:.3px}\n#came-lp .lay-head strong{font-family:var(--f-display);font-size:clamp(18px,2vw,22px);line-height:1.5;color:var(--ink)}\n#came-lp .lay-stack{display:grid;gap:10px}\n#came-lp .lay{display:grid;grid-template-columns:230px minmax(0,1fr);border-radius:16px;overflow:hidden;background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--line)}\n#came-lp .lay-label{color:#fff;padding:16px 18px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:2px;justify-content:center}\n#came-lp .lay-1 .lay-label{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#05B4CA,#0896C2)}\n#came-lp .lay-2 .lay-label{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#0896C2,#0A72B0)}\n#came-lp .lay-3 .lay-label{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#0A72B0,#0A579E)}\n#came-lp .lay-4 .lay-label{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#0A579E,#073C77)}\n#came-lp .ln{font-size:12.5px;opacity:.85;font-family:var(--f-display)}\n#came-lp .lay-label b{font-family:var(--f-display);font-size:19px;line-height:1.45}\n#came-lp .le{font-size:12.5px;opacity:.85;text-align:right}\n#came-lp .lq{font-size:13.5px;line-height:1.6;color:#DDF6FB;margin-top:4px}\n#came-lp .lc{align-self:flex-start;margin-top:8px;font-size:12px;font-weight:600;background:rgba(255,255,255,.2);border-radius:999px;padding:1px 10px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}\n#came-lp .lay-skills{list-style:none;margin:0!important;padding:14px!important;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;align-content:center;max-width:none!important}\n#came-lp .lay-skills li{margin:0;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:8px 12px;border-radius:12px;background:var(--bg);border:1px solid var(--line);font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.5;border-inline-start:4px solid var(--tc)}\n#came-lp .lay-skills .sn{font-family:var(--f-display);font-weight:700;color:var(--teal);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;min-width:18px}\n#came-lp .lay-skills .st{font-weight:600;color:var(--ink)}\n#came-lp .lay-skills .tg{font-size:11.5px;font-weight:600;color:var(--tc);white-space:nowrap}\n#came-lp .t-skill{--tc:#0A8FBE}\n#came-lp .t-ability{--tc:#7A5AE0}\n#came-lp .t-know{--tc:#D9822B}\n#came-lp .t-mix{--tc:#2E9E6A}\n#came-lp .lay-legend{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px 18px;margin-top:16px;font-size:13.5px;color:var(--muted)}\n#came-lp .lay-legend span{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:6px}\n#came-lp .lay-legend i{width:12px;height:12px;border-radius:3px;background:var(--tc)}\n#came-lp .lay-note{margin:12px 0 0!important;font-size:14.5px;color:var(--muted);max-width:none!important}\n@media (max-width:680px){#came-lp .lay{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}}\n#came-lp .type{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;font-size:13.5px;font-weight:600;padding:2px 10px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--accent-soft);color:var(--accent)}\n#came-lp .callout{margin:24px 0;padding:20px 24px;border-radius:14px;background:var(--accent-soft);border-inline-start:4px solid var(--teal)}\n#came-lp .callout p{margin:0 0 8px}\n#came-lp .callout p:last-child{margin:0}\n#came-lp .callout-key{background:var(--key);font-size:17.5px}\n#came-lp .callout-cta{background:var(--hero);color:#fff;border:0}\n#came-lp .callout-cta a{color:#fff}\n#came-lp .callout-author{background:var(--surface-2);border-inline-start-color:var(--accent)}\n#came-lp .related{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:2px;margin:26px 0 6px!important;max-width:none!important;padding:16px 20px;border:1px dashed var(--teal);border-radius:14px;background:var(--surface)}\n#came-lp .rel-label{font-family:var(--f-display);font-size:12.5px;font-weight:600;color:var(--teal);letter-spacing:.3px}\n#came-lp .rel-text{font-size:15.5px;line-height:1.85}\n#came-lp .ask{font-family:var(--f-display);font-weight:500;color:var(--accent)}\n#came-lp .faq{display:grid;gap:10px;margin-top:8px}\n#came-lp .faq details{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:14px;background:var(--surface)}\n#came-lp .faq details[open]{background:var(--surface-2);border-color:transparent}\n#came-lp .faq summary{cursor:pointer;list-style:none;display:flex;gap:14px;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;padding:16px 20px;font-family:var(--f-display);font-weight:600;font-size:17px;line-height:1.6}\n#came-lp .faq summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}\n#came-lp .chev{flex:none;width:28px;height:28px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--accent-soft);position:relative}\n#came-lp .chev::before,#came-lp .chev::after{content:\"\";position:absolute;inset:50% auto auto 50%;width:12px;height:2px;background:var(--accent);transform:translate(-50%,-50%)}\n#came-lp .chev::after{transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(90deg);transition:transform .2s}\n#came-lp details[open] .chev::after{transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(0)}\n#came-lp .faq .ans{padding:0 20px 14px}\n#came-lp .refs{font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.8}\n#came-lp .refs ul{max-width:none;padding-inline-start:0;list-style:none;direction:ltr;text-align:left}\n#came-lp .refs li{padding:8px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);margin:0;overflow-wrap:anywhere}\n#came-lp .refs p{max-width:none}\n#came-lp .band{background:var(--hero);color:#fff;margin-top:20px}\n#came-lp .band .wrap{padding-block:56px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.3fr) minmax(0,1fr);gap:36px;align-items:center}\n#came-lp .band h2{font-family:var(--f-display);font-size:clamp(24px,3vw,36px);line-height:1.45;margin:0 0 10px;text-wrap:balance}\n#came-lp .band p{margin:0;color:var(--hero-soft);font-size:17px;max-width:58ch}\n#came-lp .contact{display:grid;gap:10px}\n#came-lp .cline{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;background:rgba(255,255,255,.12);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.25);border-radius:14px;padding:12px 16px}\n#came-lp .cline small{display:block;color:var(--hero-soft);font-size:13px}\n#came-lp .cline .num{font-family:var(--f-display);font-size:19px;font-weight:600;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;user-select:all}\n#came-lp .act{flex:none;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;font-family:var(--f-display);font-size:14.5px;font-weight:600;background:#fff;color:var(--navy);border-radius:10px;padding:8px 16px;text-decoration:none;transition:transform .15s ease,box-shadow .15s ease;box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(3,40,80,.2)}\n#came-lp .act:hover{transform:translateY(-2px);box-shadow:0 8px 18px rgba(3,40,80,.28)}\n#came-lp .act svg{width:20px;height:20px;flex:none}\n#came-lp .cline{flex-wrap:wrap}\n#came-lp .refs-area{padding-block:36px 48px}\n#came-lp .refs-area .sec{margin-bottom:0}\n#came-lp .copy{flex:none;font-family:var(--f-display);font-size:13.5px;font-weight:600;background:#fff;color:var(--navy);border:0;border-radius:10px;padding:7px 14px;cursor:pointer}\n#came-lp .band .btn-light{justify-content:center}\n#came-lp .came-foot{background:var(--surface);border-top:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--muted);font-size:14px}\n#came-lp .came-foot .wrap{padding-block:22px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center}\n#came-lp .came-foot img{height:38px;width:auto;background:#fff;border-radius:8px;padding:2px 6px}\n#came-lp .wa{position:fixed;left:calc(18px + env(safe-area-inset-left,0px));bottom:calc(18px + env(safe-area-inset-bottom,0px));z-index:40;width:58px;height:58px;border-radius:50%;background:#1FAF55;display:grid;place-items:center;box-shadow:0 10px 24px rgba(0,0,0,.25)}\n#came-lp .wa svg{width:30px;height:30px;fill:#fff}\n@media (max-width:1020px){#came-lp .layout{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:0;padding-block:28px 16px}\n#came-lp .rail{display:none}\n#came-lp .toc-mobile{display:block}\n#came-lp .hero-grid{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:28px;margin-top:30px}\n#came-lp .band .wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}}\n@media (max-width:560px){#came-lp{font-size:18px}\n#came-lp .logo img{height:52px}\n#came-lp .crumb .x{display:none}\n#came-lp .crumb{font-size:13px}\n#came-lp .stat b{font-size:27px}\n#came-lp .author .wrap{flex-wrap:wrap}\n#came-lp .author .date{margin-inline-start:0}\n#came-lp .sec{border-radius:16px;padding-block:26px}\n#came-lp .btn{width:100%;justify-content:center}}\n#came-lp{position:relative;display:block;width:100%!important;max-width:100%!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important;box-sizing:border-box;--came-sticky-top:20px}\nbody:has(#came-lp) .entry-title,body:has(#came-lp) .page-title,body:has(#came-lp) .wp-block-post-title,body:has(#came-lp) .ast-single-entry-banner{display:none!important}\nbody:has(#came-lp){overflow-x:clip}\n#came-lp h1,#came-lp h2,#came-lp h3,#came-lp h4,#came-lp p,#came-lp ul,#came-lp ol,#came-lp figure,#came-lp table,#came-lp blockquote{letter-spacing:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal}\n#came-lp h1,#came-lp h2,#came-lp h3,#came-lp h4{font-family:var(--f-display)}\n#came-lp blockquote::before,#came-lp blockquote::after{content:none}\n#came-lp blockquote{quotes:none;font-size:inherit}\n#came-lp table{margin:0;border:0;table-layout:auto}\n#came-lp th,#came-lp td{border:0}\n#came-lp img{max-width:100%;height:auto;border:0;box-shadow:none}\n#came-lp [hidden]{display:none!important}\n#came-lp figure{max-width:none}\n#came-lp .hero-banner{margin:0!important;padding:0!important}\n#came-lp .hero-banner img{width:100%!important;max-width:1672px!important;height:auto!important;border-radius:0!important}\n#came-lp a.btn,#came-lp a.btn:hover,#came-lp a.btn:focus,#came-lp .toc a,#came-lp .toc a:hover{text-decoration:none}\n#came-lp .btn-light,#came-lp .btn-light:hover{color:var(--navy)}\n#came-lp .btn-ghost,#came-lp .btn-ghost:hover,#came-lp .callout-cta a,#came-lp .wa{color:#fff}\n#came-lp .act,#came-lp .act:hover,#came-lp .act:focus{color:#073F7B!important;text-decoration:none!important;background:#fff!important}\n#came-lp .copy{line-height:1.4;text-transform:none;box-shadow:none}\n#came-lp .rail{top:calc(var(--came-sticky-top) + env(safe-area-inset-top,0px))}\n#came-lp .hero,#came-lp .hero h1,#came-lp .hero .stat b,#came-lp .band h2,#came-lp .callout-cta p,#came-lp .rail-cta p,#came-lp .cline .num,#came-lp .lay-label b{color:#fff!important}\n#came-lp .hero h1{text-shadow:none}\n#came-lp .layout{display:block!important;max-width:1320px!important;width:auto!important;float:none!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important}\n#came-lp .layout > .came-art{display:block!important;width:auto!important;max-width:none!important;min-width:0!important;float:none!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important;background:none!important;border:0!important;box-shadow:none!important}\n#came-lp .layout > :not(.came-art){display:none!important}\n#came-lp .came-art > br,#came-lp .came-art > p:empty,#came-lp .sec > br{display:none!important}\n#came-lp .sec,#came-lp .toc-top{display:block!important;width:auto!important;max-width:none!important;float:none!important}\n#came-lp .sec p,#came-lp .sec ul,#came-lp .sec ol{max-width:none!important}\n#came-lp .toc-grid li{margin:0!important;list-style:none!important}\n#came-lp .toc-grid li::before{content:none!important}\n#came-lp .toc-h{color:var(--ink)!important}\n#came-lp .sec .sec-head h2{color:#fff!important;font-family:var(--f-display)!important}\n#came-lp .ord{color:#073F7B!important}\n#came-lp .hero,#came-lp .author,#came-lp .band,#came-lp .came-foot{display:block!important;width:auto!important;max-width:none!important;float:none!important}\n<\/style>\n<div id=\"came-lp\" dir=\"rtl\" lang=\"ar\">\n<div aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"progress\"><span id=\"came-bar\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"hero came-header\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"topbar\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><b>\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/b><i class=\"x\"><\/i><span class=\"x\">\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 CAME BMU<\/span><i class=\"x\"><\/i><span class=\"x\">\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 Pillar \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hero-grid\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"kicker\">\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629: \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0644\u0641 &#8220;\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0632\u0646\u0633 \u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 2025-2026<\/p>\n<h1>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 21<\/h1>\n<p class=\"sub\">\u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645 15 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645 12 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/p>\n<p class=\"lead\">\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 10 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u061f \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628 \u0644\u0643. \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 39% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 2030\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 20% \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 2025. \u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639. <\/p>\n<div class=\"ctas\">\n<a class=\"btn btn-light\" href=\"#sec-2\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M12 5v14M5 12l7 7 7-7\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n            \u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a<br \/>\n          <\/a><br \/>\n<a class=\"btn btn-ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/201005289720\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u062d\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div aria-label=\"\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\" class=\"stats\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>+120<\/b><span>\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 &#8220;\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629&#8221; 1903<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>12<\/b><span>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 4 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>39%<\/b><span>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 2030 (WEF)<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>+35,000<\/b><span>\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"hero-banner\"><img alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 21 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 1903 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a - \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645\" decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" height=\"941\" src=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9.webp\" width=\"1672\"\/><\/figure>\n<div aria-label=\"\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\" class=\"author came-section\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"avatar\">CAME<br \/>BMU<\/div>\n<div class=\"meta\">\n<p class=\"issuer\"><b>\u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645 (CAME BMU)<\/b> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 35,000 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n<p class=\"name\">\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645: \u062f. \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u00b7 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">Dr. Hussein Alghorab<\/bdi><br \/><a class=\"li\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/drhusseinalghorab\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">LinkedIn<\/bdi><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"bio\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u00b7 \u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u00b7 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u00b7 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 30 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 35,000 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap layout came-main\">\n<div class=\"came-art\">\n<div aria-label=\"\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\" class=\"toc-top\" role=\"navigation\">\n<p class=\"toc-h\">\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<ol class=\"toc toc-grid\">\n<li><a href=\"#sec-0\"><span class=\"tn\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"tt\">\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#sec-1\"><span class=\"tn\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"tt\">\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 10 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class=\"tn\">\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u064b\u0627<\/span><span class=\"tt\">\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629: 15 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#sec-7\"><span class=\"tn\">\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u064b\u0627<\/span><span class=\"tt\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#sec-8\"><span class=\"tn\">\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627<\/span><span class=\"tt\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a: \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#sec-9\"><span class=\"tn\">\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u064b\u0627<\/span><span class=\"tt\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629: \u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#sec-10\"><span class=\"tn\">\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639\u064b\u0627<\/span><span class=\"tt\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a: \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#sec-11\"><span class=\"tn\">\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627<\/span><span class=\"tt\">\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u062a\u061f<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#sec-12\"><span class=\"tn\">\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631<\/span><span class=\"tt\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629: \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#sec-13\"><span class=\"tn\">\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631<\/span><span class=\"tt\">\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641: \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#sec-14\"><span class=\"tn\">\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0634\u0631<\/span><span class=\"tt\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0628\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#sec-15\"><span class=\"tn\">\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631<\/span><span class=\"tt\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646: 12 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a 4 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#sec-16\"><span class=\"tn\">\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631<\/span><span class=\"tt\">\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u061f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#sec-17\"><span class=\"tn\">\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631<\/span><span class=\"tt\">\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#sec-18\"><span class=\"tn\">\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631<\/span><span class=\"tt\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629: \u0623\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0643\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#sec-19\"><span class=\"tn\">\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631<\/span><span class=\"tt\">\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0643\u061f \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u061f<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#sec-20\"><span class=\"tn\">\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631<\/span><span class=\"tt\">\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 5 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#sec-21\"><span class=\"tn\">\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646<\/span><span class=\"tt\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#sec-22\"><span class=\"tn\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"tt\">\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#sec-23\"><span class=\"tn\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"tt\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sec summary came-section\" id=\"sec-0\">\n<div class=\"sec-head no-ord\">\n<h2>\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0641\u064a 10 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 (\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631 1903 \u06481911) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u061f<\/strong> \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a:<\/strong> \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u201c\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u201d \u0648\u201d\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u201d \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0632\u0646\u0633 \u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 90 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 (\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2012)\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a 10 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u062a:<\/strong> \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632:<\/strong> \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 70% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629:<\/strong> 42% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">PwC 2026<\/bdi> \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 5 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0635\u0627 \u0633\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0646\u062d\u0648 9 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 10 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0632\u064a 2026 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 37% \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u064f\u0644\u062f\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1991 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1996\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2008.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 12 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a 4 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> 59 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 100 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 2030.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sec intro came-section\" id=\"sec-1\">\n<div class=\"sec-head no-ord\">\n<h2>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 10 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2010. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629. \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u201c\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 2026\u201d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2025\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gallup.com\/workplace\/697904\/state-of-the-global-workplace-global-data.aspx\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">20% \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645<\/a> (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Gallup, 2026a<\/bdi>)\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 14% \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0643\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gallup.com\/workplace\/708071\/global-employee-engagement-continues-decline.aspx\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0646\u062d\u0648 10 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0623\u064a 9% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/a> (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Harter &amp; Pendell, 2026<\/bdi>).<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"callout callout-author\">\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645:<\/strong> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 30 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0651\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 35,000 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a: \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0628\u0623\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0623\u061f\u201d. \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644: \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sec normal came-section\" id=\"sec-2\">\n<div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"ord\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 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\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u201c\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0631\u201d\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647. \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u201c\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u201d \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0647.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627:<\/strong> \u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0623 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0637\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Fayol, 1916<\/bdi>). \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0648: \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 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\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0646: <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/strong> \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"sec-2-2\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u061f \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">Contemporary Management<\/bdi><\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Contemporary Management<\/bdi> \u0623\u0648 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">Modern Management<\/bdi>) \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">Contemporary Management<\/bdi> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 6 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol type=\"1\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646:<\/strong> \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 id=\"sec-2-3\">\u0647\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0645 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\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062c\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 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\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0643\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0631\u0648\u062b\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 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id=\"sec-2-6\">\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 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class=\"ord\">\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a: \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0644\u063a\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u064b\u0627. \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"sec-3-1\">\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a 5 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1961 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0632 6 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0651\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u201c\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u201d (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Koontz, 1961<\/bdi>).<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-wrap\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631<\/th>\n<th>\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/th>\n<th>\u0641\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646 1903 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646 1924 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0643\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0647\u0631\u0632\u0628\u0631\u062c<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0632 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0632 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0631\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062c\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0646\u062c\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"ov\" id=\"stages-overlap\"><figcaption class=\"ov-head\"><span class=\"ov-eyebrow\">\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/span><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627: \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627<\/strong><\/figcaption><ol class=\"ov-list\">\n<li style=\"--c:#05B4CA\">\n<div class=\"ov-lab\"><b>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/b><span>\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"ov-track\"><i class=\"ov-peak\" style=\"right:2.38%;width:21.43%\"><em><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1903<\/bdi><\/em><\/i><i class=\"ov-tail\" style=\"right:23.81%;width:76.19%\"><\/i><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"--c:#0791BF\">\n<div class=\"ov-lab\"><b>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/b><span>\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0643\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0648\u0631<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"ov-track\"><i class=\"ov-peak\" style=\"right:19.05%;width:32.54%\"><em><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1924<\/bdi><\/em><\/i><i class=\"ov-tail\" style=\"right:51.59%;width:48.41%\"><\/i><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"--c:#0A64A9\">\n<div class=\"ov-lab\"><b>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/b><span>\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"ov-track\"><i class=\"ov-peak\" style=\"right:31.75%;width:27.77%\"><em><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1940<\/bdi><\/em><\/i><i class=\"ov-tail\" style=\"right:59.52%;width:40.48%\"><\/i><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"--c:#08468A\">\n<div class=\"ov-lab\"><b>\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645<\/b><span>\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0632 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"ov-track\"><i class=\"ov-peak\" style=\"right:39.68%;width:19.84%\"><em><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1950<\/bdi><\/em><\/i><i class=\"ov-tail\" style=\"right:59.52%;width:40.48%\"><\/i><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"--c:#073C77\">\n<div class=\"ov-lab\"><b>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u064a<\/b><span>\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0632 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0631<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"ov-track\"><i class=\"ov-peak\" style=\"right:48.41%;width:15.08%\"><em><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1961<\/bdi><\/em><\/i><i class=\"ov-tail\" style=\"right:63.49%;width:36.51%\"><\/i><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"--c:#C98A12\">\n<div class=\"ov-lab\"><b>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629<\/b><span>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0631\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062c\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0646\u062c<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"ov-track\"><i class=\"ov-peak\" style=\"right:42.86%;width:57.14%\"><em><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1954<\/bdi><\/em><\/i><i class=\"ov-tail\" style=\"right:100.0%;width:0.0%\"><\/i><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"ov-axis\">\n<div class=\"ov-ticks\"><span style=\"right:0.0%\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1900<\/bdi><\/span><span style=\"right:19.84%\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1925<\/bdi><\/span><span style=\"right:39.68%\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1950<\/bdi><\/span><span style=\"right:59.52%\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1975<\/bdi><\/span><span style=\"right:79.37%\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">2000<\/bdi><\/span><span style=\"right:99.21%\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">2025<\/bdi><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ov-legend\"><span><i class=\"k1\"><\/i>\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631<\/span><span><i class=\"k2\"><\/i>\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/span><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0635\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"callout\">\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a (\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631)\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 (\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629). \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"sec-3-2\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0632\u0646\u0633 \u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0648\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2012\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 90 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0632\u0646\u0633 \u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0634\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/hbr.org\/2012\/11\/the-management-century\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u201c\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u201d<\/a> (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Kiechel, 2012<\/bdi>). \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1886\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">Yale Lock<\/bdi>\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u201c\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u201d \u0643\u0641\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647. \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a 3 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol type=\"1\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628:<\/strong> \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 (2012):<\/strong> \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0634\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 21 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0634\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2012.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"sec-3-3\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"table-wrap\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>#<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631<\/th>\n<th>\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631 (1903 \u06481911)\u060c \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0644 (1916)\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629\u061f<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0643\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0647\u0631\u0632\u0628\u0631\u062c<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u061f<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 (1947)<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646\u061f<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0631 (1954)\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c <bdi dir=\"ltr\">OKRs<\/bdi> \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629\u061f<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0632 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0632 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641\u061f<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062c\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0643\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0631\u061f<\/td>\n<td><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Lean<\/bdi>\u060c \u0643\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0646\u060c <bdi dir=\"ltr\">Six Sigma<\/bdi>\u060c \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0631 (1962)\u060c \u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0632 (1971)\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0631 (1979 \u06481985)<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u061f<\/td>\n<td><bdi dir=\"ltr\">SWOT<\/bdi>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0633\u064a\u0646\u062c (1990)\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a (1995)\u060c \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0631 (1990)\u060c \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0633\u0646 (1997)<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0646\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u064a (1991)\u060c \u0631\u0648\u062b (1996)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0627\u064a\u0644 (2001)\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 (2008)<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u061f<\/td>\n<td>\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 (2020)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u061f<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<blockquote class=\"callout\">\n<p><strong>\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1938 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0646\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3 id=\"sec-3-4\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0638\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647.<\/strong> \u0633\u0628\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062c \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u201c\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u201d (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Babbage, 1832<\/bdi>). \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Gilbreth, 1911<\/bdi>)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0651\u0642 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1913. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u062d\u0637\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 1903 \u06481911.<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1878\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0642\u0651\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u201d \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1895 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u201c\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1903 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 <strong>\u201c\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629\u201d (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Shop Management<\/bdi>)<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630. \u0648\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0639\u0627\u0645 1910 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u201c\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0639\u0627\u0645 1911\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gutenberg.org\/ebooks\/6435\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0631\u062c<\/a> (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Taylor, 1911<\/bdi>).<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 4 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Taylor, 1911<\/bdi>): \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0648 12.5 \u0637\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 47 \u0637\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0651\u062f \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0644.<\/strong> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1916 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Fayol, 1916<\/bdi>) 5 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0631\u0651\u0633 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 14 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631.<\/strong> \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u201d (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Weber, 1922<\/bdi>)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631:<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-wrap\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0644 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Fayol, 1916<\/bdi>)<\/th>\n<th>\u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Weber, 1922<\/bdi>)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0647\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u064814 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623\u064b<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<blockquote class=\"callout\">\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u061f<\/strong> \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0650. \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0631\u062b \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/ftmc\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME FTMC<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/p>\n<div aria-label=\"\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\" class=\"cards cards-people came-section\">\n<div class=\"cd-head\"><span class=\"cd-eyebrow\">\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/span><strong>\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/div>\n<p class=\"cd-note\">\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<div class=\"pc-grid\">\n<div class=\"pc came-art\" style=\"--pc:#0A64A9\">\n<div class=\"pc-top\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"pc-ini\">\u0628<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"pc-names\"><b>\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062c<\/b><span class=\"pc-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Charles Babbage<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"pc-years\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1791-1871<\/bdi><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"pc-work\"><span>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644:<\/span> \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 <span class=\"pc-wy\">(<bdi dir=\"ltr\">1832<\/bdi>)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"pc-idea\">\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 80 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pc came-art\" style=\"--pc:#0B8FA8\">\n<div class=\"pc-top\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"pc-ini\">\u062a<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"pc-names\"><b>\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631<\/b><span class=\"pc-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Frederick W. Taylor<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"pc-years\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1856-1915<\/bdi><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"pc-work\"><span>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644:<\/span> \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 <span class=\"pc-wy\">(<bdi dir=\"ltr\">1911<\/bdi>)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"pc-idea\">\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644 &#8220;\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644&#8221; \u062a\u064f\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pc came-art\" style=\"--pc:#073F7B\">\n<div class=\"pc-top\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"pc-ini\">\u062c<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"pc-names\"><b>\u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u062a<\/b><span class=\"pc-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Henry L. Gantt<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"pc-years\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1861-1919<\/bdi><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"pc-work\"><span>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644:<\/span> \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645<\/p>\n<p class=\"pc-idea\">\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pc came-art\" style=\"--pc:#C98A12\">\n<div class=\"pc-top\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"pc-ini\">\u062c<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"pc-names\"><b>\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062b<\/b><span class=\"pc-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Frank &amp; Lillian Gilbreth<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"pc-years\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1868-1924 \/ 1878-1972<\/bdi><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"pc-work\"><span>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644:<\/span> \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 <span class=\"pc-wy\">(<bdi dir=\"ltr\">1911<\/bdi>)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"pc-idea\">\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pc came-art\" style=\"--pc:#0A64A9\">\n<div class=\"pc-top\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"pc-ini\">\u0641<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"pc-names\"><b>\u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0644<\/b><span class=\"pc-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Henri Fayol<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"pc-years\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1841-1925<\/bdi><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"pc-work\"><span>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644:<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 <span class=\"pc-wy\">(<bdi dir=\"ltr\">1916<\/bdi>)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"pc-idea\">\u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 5 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 14 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623\u064b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pc came-art\" style=\"--pc:#0B8FA8\">\n<div class=\"pc-top\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"pc-ini\">\u0641<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"pc-names\"><b>\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631<\/b><span class=\"pc-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Max Weber<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"pc-years\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1864-1920<\/bdi><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"pc-work\"><span>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644:<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 <span class=\"pc-wy\">(<bdi dir=\"ltr\">1922<\/bdi>)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"pc-idea\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 id=\"sec-3-5\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u0638\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0627\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.hbs.edu\/hc\/hawthorne\/intro.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/a> (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Baker Library, n.d.<\/bdi>)\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u064a\u062b\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u201c\u0647\u0627\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0646\u201d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0634\u064a\u0643\u0627\u063a\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 1924 \u06481933\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0641\u062a\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0641\u064a 2009 \u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nber.org\/papers\/w15016\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/a> (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Levitt &amp; List, 2011<\/bdi>)\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u201c\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0646\u201d.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"callout\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631:<\/strong> \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0627\u062a\u201d \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0623\u0644: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u061f \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u061f \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0639\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648 \u0647\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1943 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Maslow, 1943<\/bdi>)\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u062f\u0648\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">X<\/bdi> \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">Y<\/bdi> \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">McGregor, 1960<\/bdi>)\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0651\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0647\u0631\u0632\u0628\u0631\u062c (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Herzberg et al., 1959<\/bdi>) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/training-programs\/business-management-courses-list\/how-to-motivate-your-subordinates\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0643 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME HMS<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/p>\n<div aria-label=\"\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\" class=\"cards cards-people came-section\">\n<div class=\"cd-head\"><span class=\"cd-eyebrow\">\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span><strong>\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"pc-grid\">\n<div class=\"pc came-art\" style=\"--pc:#0A64A9\">\n<div class=\"pc-top\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"pc-ini\">\u0641<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"pc-names\"><b>\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a<\/b><span class=\"pc-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Mary Parker Follett<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"pc-years\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1868-1933<\/bdi><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"pc-work\"><span>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644:<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 <span class=\"pc-wy\">(<bdi dir=\"ltr\">1924<\/bdi>)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"pc-idea\">&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645&#8221;.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pc came-art\" style=\"--pc:#0B8FA8\">\n<div class=\"pc-top\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"pc-ini\">\u0645<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"pc-names\"><b>\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648<\/b><span class=\"pc-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Elton Mayo<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"pc-years\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1880-1949<\/bdi><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"pc-work\"><span>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644:<\/span> \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0646 <span class=\"pc-wy\">(<bdi dir=\"ltr\">1924-1933<\/bdi>)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"pc-idea\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pc came-art\" style=\"--pc:#073F7B\">\n<div class=\"pc-top\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"pc-ini\">\u0645<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"pc-names\"><b>\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648<\/b><span class=\"pc-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Abraham H. Maslow<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"pc-years\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1908-1970<\/bdi><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"pc-work\"><span>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644:<\/span> \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 <span class=\"pc-wy\">(<bdi dir=\"ltr\">1943<\/bdi>)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"pc-idea\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pc came-art\" style=\"--pc:#C98A12\">\n<div class=\"pc-top\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"pc-ini\">\u0645<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"pc-names\"><b>\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0648\u0631<\/b><span class=\"pc-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Douglas McGregor<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"pc-years\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1906-1964<\/bdi><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"pc-work\"><span>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644:<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 <span class=\"pc-wy\">(<bdi dir=\"ltr\">1960<\/bdi>)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"pc-idea\">\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0645 (\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">X<\/bdi> \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">Y<\/bdi>).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pc came-art\" style=\"--pc:#0A64A9\">\n<div class=\"pc-top\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"pc-ini\">\u0647<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"pc-names\"><b>\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0647\u0631\u0632\u0628\u0631\u062c<\/b><span class=\"pc-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Frederick Herzberg<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"pc-years\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1923-2000<\/bdi><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"pc-work\"><span>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644:<\/span> \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 <span class=\"pc-wy\">(<bdi dir=\"ltr\">1959<\/bdi>)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"pc-idea\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 id=\"sec-3-6\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/h3>\n<p>\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0647\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c. \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u201d \u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0647\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629\u201d (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Simon, 1947<\/bdi>): \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u201c\u0645\u0631\u0636\u064d \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a\u201d \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/training-programs\/business-management-courses-list\/the-14-tools-for-diagnosing-and-solving-problems\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0634\u0631\u062d \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\" class=\"cards cards-people came-section\">\n<div class=\"cd-head\"><span class=\"cd-eyebrow\">\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629<\/span><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0634\u0631\u062d \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"pc-grid\">\n<div class=\"pc came-art\" style=\"--pc:#0A64A9\">\n<div class=\"pc-top\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"pc-ini\">\u0633<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"pc-names\"><b>\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646<\/b><span class=\"pc-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Herbert A. Simon<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"pc-years\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1916-2001<\/bdi><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"pc-work\"><span>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644:<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a <span class=\"pc-wy\">(<bdi dir=\"ltr\">1947<\/bdi>)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"pc-idea\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 &#8220;\u0645\u0631\u0636\u064d \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a&#8221; \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 id=\"sec-3-7\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1954 \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u201c\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u201d \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1959 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u201c\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0633\u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Drucker, 1954<\/bdi>). \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629: \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u201c\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629\u201d \u0639\u0627\u0645 1946\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0628\u0651\u0647 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">OKRs<\/bdi> (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629) \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u0646\u062f\u064a \u062c\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0644\u060c \u062b\u0645 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.whatmatters.com\/stories\/the-origin-story\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062c\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1999<\/a> (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">What Matters, n.d.<\/bdi>).<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">OKRs<\/bdi> \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/cppm\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME CPPM<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/p>\n<div aria-label=\"\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0637\u0648\u0627 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\" class=\"cards cards-people came-section\">\n<div class=\"cd-head\"><span class=\"cd-eyebrow\">\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/span><strong>\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0637\u0648\u0627 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"pc-grid\">\n<div class=\"pc came-art\" style=\"--pc:#0A64A9\">\n<div class=\"pc-top\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"pc-ini\">\u062f<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"pc-names\"><b>\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0631<\/b><span class=\"pc-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Peter F. Drucker<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"pc-years\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1909-2005<\/bdi><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"pc-work\"><span>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644:<\/span> \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 <span class=\"pc-wy\">(<bdi dir=\"ltr\">1954<\/bdi>)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"pc-idea\">\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pc came-art\" style=\"--pc:#0B8FA8\">\n<div class=\"pc-top\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"pc-ini\">\u062c<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"pc-names\"><b>\u0622\u0646\u062f\u064a \u062c\u0631\u0648\u0641<\/b><span class=\"pc-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Andy Grove<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"pc-years\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1936-2016<\/bdi><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"pc-work\"><span>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644:<\/span> \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">OKRs<\/bdi> \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0644<\/p>\n<p class=\"pc-idea\">\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 id=\"sec-3-8\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629: \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0648\u062f\u0641\u064a\u062c \u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645\u201d\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0632 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Katz &amp; Kahn, 1966<\/bdi>). \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 6 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol type=\"1\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644:<\/strong> \u0623\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0632 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0631 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Burns &amp; Stalker, 1961<\/bdi>) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062c\u062d \u0628\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u201c\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u201c\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629. \u062b\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634 (1967) \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0641\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 (1967) \u0644\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/consulting\/request\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629<\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0623\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n<div aria-label=\"\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647\" class=\"cards cards-people came-section\">\n<div class=\"cd-head\"><span class=\"cd-eyebrow\">\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629<\/span><strong>\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647<\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"pc-grid\">\n<div class=\"pc came-art\" style=\"--pc:#0A64A9\">\n<div class=\"pc-top\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"pc-ini\">\u0628<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"pc-names\"><b>\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0641\u064a\u062c \u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u064a<\/b><span class=\"pc-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Ludwig von Bertalanffy<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"pc-years\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1901-1972<\/bdi><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"pc-work\"><span>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644:<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 <span class=\"pc-wy\">(<bdi dir=\"ltr\">1968<\/bdi>)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"pc-idea\">\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pc came-art\" style=\"--pc:#0B8FA8\">\n<div class=\"pc-top\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"pc-ini\">\u0643<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"pc-names\"><b>\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0632 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646<\/b><span class=\"pc-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Daniel Katz &amp; Robert L. Kahn<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"pc-years\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1903-1998 \/ 1918-2019<\/bdi><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"pc-work\"><span>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644:<\/span> \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a <span class=\"pc-wy\">(<bdi dir=\"ltr\">1966<\/bdi>)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"pc-idea\">\u0637\u0628\u0651\u0642\u0627 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 id=\"sec-3-9\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 <a href=\"https:\/\/global.toyota\/en\/company\/vision-and-philosophy\/production-system\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0627<\/a> (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Toyota Motor Corporation, n.d.<\/bdi>)\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646: \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0644 (\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0643\u0627)\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Just-in-Time<\/bdi>)\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 (\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0646). \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u201c\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0643\u0627\u201d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0634\u064a \u062a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0643\u064a\u0626\u064a\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f. \u0648\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u062a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u062c\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642\u201d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Lean<\/bdi>) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642\u0629 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Agile<\/bdi>) \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646:<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-wrap\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/th>\n<th>Lean<\/th>\n<th>Agile<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/training-programs\/business-management-courses-list\/basics-of-marketing\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Six Sigma<\/bdi> \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div aria-label=\"\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627\" class=\"cards cards-people came-section\">\n<div class=\"cd-head\"><span class=\"cd-eyebrow\">\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0629<\/span><strong>\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627<\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"pc-grid\">\n<div class=\"pc came-art\" style=\"--pc:#0A64A9\">\n<div class=\"pc-top\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"pc-ini\">\u062f<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"pc-names\"><b>\u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0632 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062c<\/b><span class=\"pc-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">W. Edwards Deming<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"pc-years\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1900-1993<\/bdi><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"pc-work\"><span>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644:<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 <span class=\"pc-wy\">(<bdi dir=\"ltr\">1986<\/bdi>)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"pc-idea\">\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 id=\"sec-3-10\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0628\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a: \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u201d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Chandler, 1962<\/bdi>)\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u064a\u0646 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Andrews, 1971<\/bdi>). \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645\u201d \u0648\u201d\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0628\u201d \u0648\u201d\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0645\u201d \u0648\u201d\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0628\u201d. \u062b\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0631 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Porter, 1979<\/bdi>)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0628\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0642\u0648\u0649: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Prahalad &amp; Hamel, 1990<\/bdi>).<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">SWOT<\/bdi>. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0628\u0631\u062c \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Mintzberg et al., 1998<\/bdi>)\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639:<\/strong> \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0631.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Barney, 1991<\/bdi>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Teece et al., 1997<\/bdi>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629:<\/strong> \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Mintzberg &amp; Waters, 1985<\/bdi>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/csp\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME CSP<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/p>\n<div aria-label=\"\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\" class=\"cards cards-people came-section\">\n<div class=\"cd-head\"><span class=\"cd-eyebrow\">\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/span><strong>\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641<\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"pc-grid\">\n<div class=\"pc came-art\" style=\"--pc:#0A64A9\">\n<div class=\"pc-top\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"pc-ini\">\u062a<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"pc-names\"><b>\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0631<\/b><span class=\"pc-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Alfred D. Chandler Jr.<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"pc-years\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1918-2007<\/bdi><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"pc-work\"><span>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644:<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 <span class=\"pc-wy\">(<bdi dir=\"ltr\">1962<\/bdi>)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"pc-idea\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pc came-art\" style=\"--pc:#0B8FA8\">\n<div class=\"pc-top\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"pc-ini\">\u0623<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"pc-names\"><b>\u0643\u064a\u0646\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0632<\/b><span class=\"pc-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Kenneth R. Andrews<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"pc-years\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1916-2005<\/bdi><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"pc-work\"><span>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644:<\/span> \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 <span class=\"pc-wy\">(<bdi dir=\"ltr\">1971<\/bdi>)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"pc-idea\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pc came-art\" style=\"--pc:#073F7B\">\n<div class=\"pc-top\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"pc-ini\">\u0628<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"pc-names\"><b>\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0631<\/b><span class=\"pc-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Michael E. Porter<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"pc-years\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f 1947<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"pc-work\"><span>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644:<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 <span class=\"pc-wy\">(<bdi dir=\"ltr\">1980<\/bdi>)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"pc-idea\">\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pc came-art\" style=\"--pc:#C98A12\">\n<div class=\"pc-top\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"pc-ini\">\u0628<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"pc-names\"><b>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/b><span class=\"pc-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">C. K. Prahalad &amp; Gary Hamel<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"pc-years\">1941-2010 \/ \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f 1954<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"pc-work\"><span>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644:<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 <span class=\"pc-wy\">(<bdi dir=\"ltr\">1990<\/bdi>)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"pc-idea\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pc came-art\" style=\"--pc:#0A64A9\">\n<div class=\"pc-top\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"pc-ini\">\u0645<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"pc-names\"><b>\u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0628\u0631\u062c<\/b><span class=\"pc-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Henry Mintzberg<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"pc-years\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f 1939<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"pc-work\"><span>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644:<\/span> \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 <span class=\"pc-wy\">(<bdi dir=\"ltr\">1998<\/bdi>)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"pc-idea\">\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 id=\"sec-3-11\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u062c \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629\u201d (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Senge, 1990<\/bdi>)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Nonaka &amp; Takeuchi, 1995<\/bdi>)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Hammer, 1990<\/bdi>)\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0643\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0633\u0646 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Christensen, 1997<\/bdi>) \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0639\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Kotter, 1995<\/bdi>). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u201c\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Edvinsson &amp; Malone, 1997<\/bdi>). \u0648\u0646\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a \u201c\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u201d \u0648\u201d\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u201d \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<div aria-label=\"\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\" class=\"cards cards-people came-section\">\n<div class=\"cd-head\"><span class=\"cd-eyebrow\">\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629<\/span><strong>\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"pc-grid\">\n<div class=\"pc came-art\" style=\"--pc:#0A64A9\">\n<div class=\"pc-top\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"pc-ini\">\u0633<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"pc-names\"><b>\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u062c<\/b><span class=\"pc-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Peter M. Senge<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"pc-years\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f 1947<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"pc-work\"><span>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644:<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 <span class=\"pc-wy\">(<bdi dir=\"ltr\">1990<\/bdi>)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"pc-idea\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 5 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pc came-art\" style=\"--pc:#0B8FA8\">\n<div class=\"pc-top\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"pc-ini\">\u0646<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"pc-names\"><b>\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0643\u0627<\/b><span class=\"pc-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Ikujiro Nonaka<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"pc-years\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1935-2025<\/bdi><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"pc-work\"><span>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644:<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 (\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a) <span class=\"pc-wy\">(<bdi dir=\"ltr\">1995<\/bdi>)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"pc-idea\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c <bdi dir=\"ltr\">SECI<\/bdi>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pc came-art\" style=\"--pc:#073F7B\">\n<div class=\"pc-top\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"pc-ini\">\u0647<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"pc-names\"><b>\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0631<\/b><span class=\"pc-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Michael Hammer<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"pc-years\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1948-2008<\/bdi><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"pc-work\"><span>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644:<\/span> \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 <span class=\"pc-wy\">(<bdi dir=\"ltr\">1990<\/bdi>)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"pc-idea\">\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pc came-art\" style=\"--pc:#C98A12\">\n<div class=\"pc-top\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"pc-ini\">\u0643<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"pc-names\"><b>\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0633\u0646<\/b><span class=\"pc-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Clayton M. Christensen<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"pc-years\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1952-2020<\/bdi><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"pc-work\"><span>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644:<\/span> \u0645\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631 <span class=\"pc-wy\">(<bdi dir=\"ltr\">1997<\/bdi>)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"pc-idea\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u062e\u0635.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pc came-art\" style=\"--pc:#0A64A9\">\n<div class=\"pc-top\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"pc-ini\">\u0643<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"pc-names\"><b>\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u062a\u0631<\/b><span class=\"pc-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">John P. Kotter<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"pc-years\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f 1947<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"pc-work\"><span>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644:<\/span> \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 <span class=\"pc-wy\">(<bdi dir=\"ltr\">1996<\/bdi>)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"pc-idea\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0640 8 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062d.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 id=\"sec-3-12\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u064a (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Nagel &amp; Dove, 1991<\/bdi>)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u062b (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Roth, 1996<\/bdi>)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0627\u064a\u0644 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Highsmith, 2001<\/bdi>)\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Doz &amp; Kosonen, 2008<\/bdi>).<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u061b \u0641\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644. \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u201d.<\/p>\n<div aria-label=\"\u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\" class=\"cards cards-people came-section\">\n<div class=\"cd-head\"><span class=\"cd-eyebrow\">\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629<\/span><strong>\u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"pc-grid\">\n<div class=\"pc came-art\" style=\"--pc:#0A64A9\">\n<div class=\"pc-top\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"pc-ini\">\u062f<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"pc-names\"><b>\u0625\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646<\/b><span class=\"pc-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Yves Doz &amp; Mikko Kosonen<\/bdi><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"pc-work\"><span>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644:<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 <span class=\"pc-wy\">(<bdi dir=\"ltr\">2008<\/bdi>)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"pc-idea\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 id=\"sec-3-13\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2020\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u201d.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"tl\" id=\"timeline\"><figcaption class=\"tl-head\"><span class=\"tl-eyebrow\">\u062e\u0637 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a: \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631<\/span><strong>\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 18 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u063a\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u064b\u0627<\/strong><\/figcaption><ol class=\"tl-list\">\n<li class=\"e1\"><span class=\"y\">1903 \u062b\u0645 1911<\/span><b>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/b><span class=\"d\">\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631: &#8220;\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629&#8221; \u062b\u0645 &#8220;\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221;<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"e1\"><span class=\"y\">1916<\/span><b>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/b><span class=\"d\">\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0644: \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u064814 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623\u064b<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"e1\"><span class=\"y\">1924 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1933<\/span><b>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/b><span class=\"d\">\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"e1\"><span class=\"y\">1943<\/span><b>\u0647\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a<\/b><span class=\"d\">\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u061f<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"e1\"><span class=\"y\">1947<\/span><b>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/b><span class=\"d\">\u0633\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646: \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"e2\"><span class=\"y\">\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628<\/span><b>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0627<\/b><span class=\"d\">\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0627: \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0631<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"e2\"><span class=\"y\">1954<\/span><b>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641<\/b><span class=\"d\">\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0631: \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"e2\"><span class=\"y\">1961<\/span><b>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u064a<\/b><span class=\"d\">\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0632 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"e2\"><span class=\"y\">1962<\/span><b>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644<\/b><span class=\"d\">\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"e2\"><span class=\"y\">1966<\/span><b>\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645<\/b><span class=\"d\">\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0632 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"e2\"><span class=\"y\">1979<\/span><b>\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633<\/b><span class=\"d\">\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0631: \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"e3\"><span class=\"y\">1990<\/span><b>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/b><span class=\"d\">\u0633\u064a\u0646\u062c: 5 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"e3\"><span class=\"y\">1991 \u062b\u0645 1996<\/span><b>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/b><span class=\"d\">\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u064a \u062b\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0631\u0648\u062b<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"e3\"><span class=\"y\">1999<\/span><b>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a<\/b><span class=\"d\">\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"e3\"><span class=\"y\">2001<\/span><b>\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0627\u064a\u0644<\/b><span class=\"d\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"e3\"><span class=\"y\">2008<\/span><b>\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/b><span class=\"d\">\u062f\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646: \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"e3\"><span class=\"y\">2020<\/span><b>\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/b><span class=\"d\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"e3\"><span class=\"y\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/span><b>\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0621<\/b><span class=\"d\">\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"tl-legend\"><span style=\"--tc:#05B4CA\"><i><\/i>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a 1 \u0625\u0644\u0649 3: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/span><span style=\"--tc:#0A64A9\"><i><\/i>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a 4 \u0625\u0644\u0649 7: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/span><span style=\"--tc:#073C77\"><i><\/i>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a 8 \u0625\u0644\u0649 10: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/span><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p class=\"related\"><span class=\"rel-label\">\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631<\/span><span class=\"rel-text\">\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0643\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/cpm\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME CPM<\/bdi><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/training-programs\/business-management-courses-list\/developing-planning-and-organizing-skills\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME DPOS<\/bdi><\/a> \u0648<a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/training-programs\/business-management-courses-list\/developing-guidance-and-control-skills\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME GGCS<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sec normal came-section\" id=\"sec-4\">\n<div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"ord\">\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0642\u062f: \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0635\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0632\u0646\u0633 \u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0648<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2012\u060c \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0632\u0646\u0633 \u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 90 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u201d. \u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0634\u0644 \u201c\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u201c\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u201d (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Great Moments in Management<\/bdi>) \u064a\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">HBR<\/bdi> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646 1910 \u062d\u062a\u0649 2011.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u201c\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u201d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0632\u0646\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0634\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u201c\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u201d (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">The Lords of Strategy<\/bdi>) \u0639\u0627\u0645 2010. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/hbr.org\/2012\/11\/the-management-century\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629<\/a> (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Kiechel, 2012<\/bdi>) \u0648<a href=\"https:\/\/hbr.org\/archive-toc\/BR1211\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/a> (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">HBR Editors, 2012<\/bdi>).<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a 3 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a: <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648<strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">HBR<\/bdi> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u062b\u0645 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647. \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0634\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n<div class=\"dps\" id=\"hbr-moments\">\n<p class=\"dps-intro\">\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0623\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f. \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0643\u064a\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"dp-gdp\" id=\"hbr-gdp\"><figcaption class=\"tl-head\"><span class=\"tl-eyebrow\">\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/span><strong>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u061f<\/strong><\/figcaption><div class=\"dp-scroll\"><svg aria-label=\"\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629\" class=\"dsvg wide\" role=\"img\" viewbox=\"0 0 720 300\"><rect class=\"bg2\" height=\"300\" rx=\"14\" width=\"720\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\"><\/rect><line class=\"ln\" x1=\"30\" x2=\"700\" y1=\"250\" y2=\"250\"><\/line><rect class=\"f-acc\" height=\"8\" rx=\"5\" width=\"44\" x=\"636\" y=\"242\"><\/rect><text class=\"tn\" font-size=\"12\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"658\" y=\"234.29333333333332\">1,734<\/text><text class=\"tm\" font-size=\"12\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"658\" y=\"270\">1920s<\/text><rect class=\"f-acc\" height=\"10\" rx=\"5\" width=\"44\" x=\"572\" y=\"240\"><\/rect><text class=\"tn\" font-size=\"12\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"594\" y=\"231.98222222222222\">2,254<\/text><text class=\"tm\" font-size=\"12\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"594\" y=\"270\">1930s<\/text><rect class=\"f-acc\" height=\"13\" rx=\"5\" width=\"44\" x=\"508\" y=\"237\"><\/rect><text class=\"tn\" font-size=\"12\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"530\" y=\"228.66222222222223\">3,001<\/text><text class=\"tm\" font-size=\"12\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"530\" y=\"270\">1940s<\/text><rect class=\"f-acc\" height=\"18\" rx=\"5\" width=\"44\" x=\"444\" y=\"232\"><\/rect><text class=\"tn\" font-size=\"12\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"466\" y=\"223.85777777777778\">4,082<\/text><text class=\"tm\" font-size=\"12\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"466\" y=\"270\">1950s<\/text><rect class=\"f-acc\" height=\"30\" rx=\"5\" width=\"44\" x=\"380\" y=\"220\"><\/rect><text class=\"tn\" font-size=\"12\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"402\" y=\"211.53333333333333\">6,855<\/text><text class=\"tm\" font-size=\"12\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"402\" y=\"270\">1960s<\/text><rect class=\"f-acc\" height=\"54\" rx=\"5\" width=\"44\" x=\"316\" y=\"196\"><\/rect><text class=\"tn\" font-size=\"12\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"338\" y=\"188.05333333333334\">12,138<\/text><text class=\"tm\" font-size=\"12\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"338\" y=\"270\">1970s<\/text><rect class=\"f-acc\" height=\"84\" rx=\"5\" width=\"44\" x=\"252\" y=\"166\"><\/rect><text class=\"tn\" font-size=\"12\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"274\" y=\"158.36444444444444\">18,818<\/text><text class=\"tm\" font-size=\"12\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"274\" y=\"270\">1980s<\/text><rect class=\"f-acc\" height=\"122\" rx=\"5\" width=\"44\" x=\"188\" y=\"128\"><\/rect><text class=\"tn\" font-size=\"12\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"210\" y=\"119.60000000000001\">27,540<\/text><text class=\"tm\" font-size=\"12\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"210\" y=\"270\">1990s<\/text><rect class=\"f-acc\" height=\"182\" rx=\"5\" width=\"44\" x=\"124\" y=\"68\"><\/rect><text class=\"tn\" font-size=\"12\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"146\" y=\"59.70222222222222\">41,017<\/text><text class=\"tm\" font-size=\"12\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"146\" y=\"270\">2000s<\/text><text class=\"tm\" font-size=\"12\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"360\" y=\"290\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 1990)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a<\/text><\/svg><\/div>\n<p class=\"dp-note\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0632\u0646\u0633 \u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0648: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 1990\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 2011.<\/p>\n<\/figure>\n<div class=\"dp e1\" id=\"decade-1910\">\n<div class=\"dp-head\"><span class=\"dp-dec\" dir=\"ltr\">1910 &#8211; 1919<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"dp-ht\"><span class=\"dp-era\">\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0634\u0644: \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span><strong class=\"dp-title\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dp-body\">\n<figure class=\"dp-fig\"><svg aria-label=\"\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u062a: \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\" class=\"dsvg\" role=\"img\" viewbox=\"0 0 360 230\"><rect class=\"bg2\" height=\"222\" rx=\"12\" width=\"352\" x=\"4\" y=\"4\"><\/rect><text class=\"tm\" font-size=\"12\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"180\" y=\"24\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 (\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631)<\/text><text class=\"tm\" font-size=\"10\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"251.75\" y=\"44\">1<\/text><text class=\"tm\" font-size=\"10\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"231.25\" y=\"44\">2<\/text><text class=\"tm\" font-size=\"10\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"210.75\" y=\"44\">3<\/text><text class=\"tm\" font-size=\"10\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"190.25\" y=\"44\">4<\/text><text class=\"tm\" font-size=\"10\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"169.75\" y=\"44\">5<\/text><text class=\"tm\" font-size=\"10\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"149.25\" y=\"44\">6<\/text><text class=\"tm\" font-size=\"10\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"128.75\" y=\"44\">7<\/text><text class=\"tm\" font-size=\"10\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"108.25\" y=\"44\">8<\/text><text class=\"tm\" font-size=\"10\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"87.75\" y=\"44\">9<\/text><text class=\"tm\" font-size=\"10\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"67.25\" y=\"44\">10<\/text><text class=\"tm\" font-size=\"10\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"46.75\" y=\"44\">11<\/text><text class=\"tm\" font-size=\"10\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"26.25\" y=\"44\">12<\/text><line class=\"ln\" x1=\"14\" x2=\"346\" y1=\"52\" y2=\"52\"><\/line><text class=\"t\" text-anchor=\"end\" x=\"342\" y=\"76\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639<\/text><rect class=\"f-acc\" height=\"18\" rx=\"4\" width=\"174.2\" x=\"87.8\" y=\"61\"><\/rect><rect class=\"f-hatch\" height=\"18\" rx=\"4\" width=\"30.8\" x=\"57.0\" y=\"61\"><\/rect><line class=\"ln\" x1=\"14\" x2=\"346\" y1=\"90\" y2=\"90\"><\/line><text class=\"t\" text-anchor=\"end\" x=\"342\" y=\"114\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/text><rect class=\"f-acc\" height=\"18\" rx=\"4\" width=\"71.8\" x=\"190.2\" y=\"99\"><\/rect><line class=\"ln\" x1=\"14\" x2=\"346\" y1=\"128\" y2=\"128\"><\/line><text class=\"t\" text-anchor=\"end\" x=\"342\" y=\"152\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631<\/text><rect class=\"f-acc\" height=\"18\" rx=\"4\" width=\"57.4\" x=\"159.5\" y=\"137\"><\/rect><rect class=\"f-hatch\" height=\"18\" rx=\"4\" width=\"16.4\" x=\"143.1\" y=\"137\"><\/rect><line class=\"ln\" x1=\"14\" x2=\"346\" y1=\"166\" y2=\"166\"><\/line><text class=\"t\" text-anchor=\"end\" x=\"342\" y=\"190\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<\/text><rect class=\"f-acc\" height=\"18\" rx=\"4\" width=\"71.8\" x=\"118.5\" y=\"175\"><\/rect><rect class=\"f-hatch\" height=\"18\" rx=\"4\" width=\"30.8\" x=\"87.8\" y=\"175\"><\/rect><line class=\"ln-dash\" x1=\"149.2\" x2=\"149.2\" y1=\"48\" y2=\"206\"><\/line><text class=\"tm\" font-size=\"11\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"149.2\" y=\"220\">\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/text><text class=\"tm\" font-size=\"10\" text-anchor=\"end\" x=\"326\" y=\"221\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0632<\/text><text class=\"tm\" font-size=\"10\" text-anchor=\"end\" x=\"262\" y=\"221\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a<\/text><rect class=\"f-acc\" height=\"10\" width=\"12\" x=\"332\" y=\"212\"><\/rect><rect class=\"f-hatch\" height=\"10\" width=\"12\" x=\"268\" y=\"212\"><\/rect><\/svg><figcaption>\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u062a: \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"dp-txt\">\n<p class=\"dp-lab\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649<\/p>\n<ul class=\"dp-ideas\">\n<li><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"ic-bulb\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M9 18h6M10 21h4M12 3a6 6 0 0 0-3.6 10.8c.6.5 1 1.2 1 2V16h5.2v-.2c0-.8.4-1.5 1-2A6 6 0 0 0 12 3z\"><\/path><\/svg><span><b>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/b> \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631 &#8220;\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221; (1911) \u064a\u064f\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"dp-lab\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629<\/p>\n<ul class=\"dp-items\">\n<li><span><b>\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u062a:<\/b> \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u062a \u064a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span><b>\u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f<\/b> \u064a\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 8 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 (1914).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span><b>\u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0644<\/b> \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629&#8221; (1916) \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dp-ctx\">\n<div class=\"dp-ind\"><span class=\"chip\">\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637: <b dir=\"ltr\">14.67<\/b> $<\/span><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a (1911)<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a (1913)<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0627 (1914)<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 (1914 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1918)<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 (1917)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dp e1\" id=\"decade-1920\">\n<div class=\"dp-head\"><span class=\"dp-dec\" dir=\"ltr\">1920 &#8211; 1929<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"dp-ht\"><span class=\"dp-era\">\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0634\u0644: \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span><strong class=\"dp-title\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dp-body\">\n<figure class=\"dp-fig\"><svg aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645: \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629\" class=\"dsvg\" role=\"img\" viewbox=\"0 0 360 230\"><rect class=\"bg2\" height=\"222\" rx=\"12\" width=\"352\" x=\"4\" y=\"4\"><\/rect><rect class=\"f-navy\" height=\"40\" rx=\"8\" width=\"120\" x=\"120\" y=\"18\"><\/rect><text class=\"tw\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"180\" y=\"44\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/text><rect class=\"bx\" height=\"34\" rx=\"8\" width=\"100\" x=\"250\" y=\"70\"><\/rect><text class=\"t\" font-size=\"11\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"300\" y=\"92\">\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/text><path class=\"ln2\" d=\"M180 58V120M240 87h10M60 120h240M60 120v20M180 120v20M300 120v20\"><\/path><rect class=\"f-acc\" height=\"70\" rx=\"8\" width=\"92\" x=\"14\" y=\"140\"><\/rect><text class=\"tw\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"60\" y=\"166\">\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0623<\/text><text class=\"tw\" font-size=\"12\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"60\" y=\"190\">\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629<\/text><rect class=\"f-acc\" height=\"70\" rx=\"8\" width=\"92\" x=\"134\" y=\"140\"><\/rect><text class=\"tw\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"180\" y=\"166\">\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0628<\/text><text class=\"tw\" font-size=\"12\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"180\" y=\"190\">\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629<\/text><rect class=\"f-acc\" height=\"70\" rx=\"8\" width=\"92\" x=\"254\" y=\"140\"><\/rect><text class=\"tw\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"300\" y=\"166\">\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u062c<\/text><text class=\"tw\" font-size=\"12\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"300\" y=\"190\">\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629<\/text><\/svg><figcaption>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"dp-txt\">\n<p class=\"dp-lab\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649<\/p>\n<ul class=\"dp-ideas\">\n<li><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"ic-bulb\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M9 18h6M10 21h4M12 3a6 6 0 0 0-3.6 10.8c.6.5 1 1.2 1 2V16h5.2v-.2c0-.8.4-1.5 1-2A6 6 0 0 0 12 3z\"><\/path><\/svg><span><b>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629:<\/b> \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"ic-bulb\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M9 18h6M10 21h4M12 3a6 6 0 0 0-3.6 10.8c.6.5 1 1.2 1 2V16h5.2v-.2c0-.8.4-1.5 1-2A6 6 0 0 0 12 3z\"><\/path><\/svg><span><b>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629:<\/b> \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0627 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645&#8221;.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"dp-lab\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629<\/p>\n<ul class=\"dp-items\">\n<li><span>\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 <b>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/b> \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span><b>\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0632\u0646\u0633 \u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0648 (1922):<\/b> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 &#8220;\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u061f&#8221;.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span><b>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">HBR<\/bdi>:<\/b> &#8220;\u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644&#8221; \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0633 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629: \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629\u061f<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span><b>\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0646<\/b> \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0648\u064a.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote class=\"callout\">\n<p>\u00ab\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644.\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><cite>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0645<\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dp-ctx\">\n<div class=\"dp-ind\"><span class=\"chip\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a: <b dir=\"ltr\">1,734<\/b> \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 $<\/span><span class=\"chip\">\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637: <b dir=\"ltr\">34.45<\/b> $<\/span><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 (1921 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1924)<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 (1929)<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 (1929 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1941)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dp e1\" id=\"decade-1930\">\n<div class=\"dp-head\"><span class=\"dp-dec\" dir=\"ltr\">1930 &#8211; 1939<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"dp-ht\"><span class=\"dp-era\">\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0634\u0644: \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span><strong class=\"dp-title\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dp-body\">\n<figure class=\"dp-fig\"><svg aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\" class=\"dsvg\" role=\"img\" viewbox=\"0 0 360 230\"><rect class=\"bg2\" height=\"222\" rx=\"12\" width=\"352\" x=\"4\" y=\"4\"><\/rect><circle class=\"f-navy\" cx=\"180\" cy=\"112\" r=\"34\"><\/circle><text class=\"tw\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"180\" y=\"117\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631<\/text><line class=\"ln2\" x1=\"180\" x2=\"180\" y1=\"76\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><rect class=\"f-acc\" height=\"30\" rx=\"15\" width=\"92\" x=\"134\" y=\"19\"><\/rect><text class=\"tw\" font-size=\"12\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"180\" y=\"39\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645<\/text><line class=\"ln2\" x1=\"211\" x2=\"251\" y1=\"94\" y2=\"81\"><\/line><rect class=\"f-acc\" height=\"30\" rx=\"15\" width=\"92\" x=\"231\" y=\"58\"><\/rect><text class=\"tw\" font-size=\"12\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"277\" y=\"78\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621<\/text><line class=\"ln2\" x1=\"211\" x2=\"251\" y1=\"130\" y2=\"143\"><\/line><rect class=\"f-acc\" height=\"30\" rx=\"15\" width=\"92\" x=\"231\" y=\"136\"><\/rect><text class=\"tw\" font-size=\"12\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"277\" y=\"156\">\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/text><line class=\"ln2\" x1=\"180\" x2=\"180\" y1=\"148\" y2=\"174\"><\/line><rect class=\"f-acc\" height=\"30\" rx=\"15\" width=\"92\" x=\"134\" y=\"175\"><\/rect><text class=\"tw\" font-size=\"12\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"180\" y=\"195\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/text><line class=\"ln2\" x1=\"149\" x2=\"109\" y1=\"130\" y2=\"143\"><\/line><rect class=\"f-acc\" height=\"30\" rx=\"15\" width=\"92\" x=\"37\" y=\"136\"><\/rect><text class=\"tw\" font-size=\"12\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"83\" y=\"156\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645<\/text><line class=\"ln2\" x1=\"149\" x2=\"109\" y1=\"94\" y2=\"81\"><\/line><rect class=\"f-acc\" height=\"30\" rx=\"15\" width=\"92\" x=\"37\" y=\"58\"><\/rect><text class=\"tw\" font-size=\"12\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"83\" y=\"78\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644<\/text><\/svg><figcaption>\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"dp-txt\">\n<p class=\"dp-lab\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649<\/p>\n<ul class=\"dp-ideas\">\n<li><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"ic-bulb\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M9 18h6M10 21h4M12 3a6 6 0 0 0-3.6 10.8c.6.5 1 1.2 1 2V16h5.2v-.2c0-.8.4-1.5 1-2A6 6 0 0 0 12 3z\"><\/path><\/svg><span><b>\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/b> \u0625\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"dp-lab\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629<\/p>\n<ul class=\"dp-items\">\n<li><span><b>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">HBR<\/bdi>:<\/b> &#8220;\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631&#8221;\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span><b>\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0646\u0632<\/b> \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629&#8221; (1936): \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span><b>\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a:<\/b> &#8220;\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633&#8221; \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span><b>\u062a\u0634\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/b> \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a&#8221; (1938): \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote class=\"callout\">\n<p>\u00ab\u062a\u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627.\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><cite>\u062a\u0634\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dp-ctx\">\n<div class=\"dp-ind\"><span class=\"chip\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a: <b dir=\"ltr\">2,254<\/b> \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 $<\/span><span class=\"chip\">\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637: <b dir=\"ltr\">16.02<\/b> $<\/span><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (1936 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1939)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dp e1\" id=\"decade-1940\">\n<div class=\"dp-head\"><span class=\"dp-dec\" dir=\"ltr\">1940 &#8211; 1949<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"dp-ht\"><span class=\"dp-era\">\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0634\u0644: \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span><strong class=\"dp-title\">\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u061f<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dp-body\">\n<figure class=\"dp-fig\"><svg aria-label=\"\u0647\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\" class=\"dsvg\" role=\"img\" viewbox=\"0 0 360 230\"><rect class=\"bg2\" height=\"222\" rx=\"12\" width=\"352\" x=\"4\" y=\"4\"><\/rect><polygon class=\"f-gold\" points=\"180,18 210,55 150,55\"><\/polygon><text class=\"tk\" font-size=\"12\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"180\" y=\"46.4\">\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a<\/text><polygon class=\"f-teal\" points=\"150,57 210,57 240,94 120,94\"><\/polygon><text class=\"tw\" font-size=\"13\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"180\" y=\"81.19999999999999\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631<\/text><polygon class=\"f-acc\" points=\"120,96 240,96 270,132 90,132\"><\/polygon><text class=\"tw\" font-size=\"13\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"180\" y=\"120.0\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/text><polygon class=\"f-blue\" points=\"90,134 270,134 300,171 60,171\"><\/polygon><text class=\"tw\" font-size=\"13\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"180\" y=\"158.8\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/text><polygon class=\"f-navy\" points=\"60,173 300,173 330,210 30,210\"><\/polygon><text class=\"tw\" font-size=\"13\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"180\" y=\"197.6\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/text><\/svg><figcaption>\u0647\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 &#8220;\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221; (1943)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"dp-txt\">\n<p class=\"dp-lab\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649<\/p>\n<ul class=\"dp-ideas\">\n<li><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"ic-bulb\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M9 18h6M10 21h4M12 3a6 6 0 0 0-3.6 10.8c.6.5 1 1.2 1 2V16h5.2v-.2c0-.8.4-1.5 1-2A6 6 0 0 0 12 3z\"><\/path><\/svg><span><b>\u0647\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a:<\/b> \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648 \u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 (1943).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"dp-lab\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629<\/p>\n<ul class=\"dp-items\">\n<li><span><b>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">HBR<\/bdi>:<\/b> &#8220;\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0644\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0631 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span><b>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">HBR<\/bdi>:<\/b> &#8220;\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064d\u0651 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644&#8221; \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0632 \u064a\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span><b>\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646<\/b> \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a&#8221; (1947): &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span><b>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">HBR<\/bdi>:<\/b> &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629&#8221; \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dp-ctx\">\n<div class=\"dp-ind\"><span class=\"chip\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a: <b dir=\"ltr\">3,001<\/b> \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 $<\/span><span class=\"chip\">\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637: <b dir=\"ltr\">16.35<\/b> $<\/span><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (1939 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1945)<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064a\u0646 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">GI Bill<\/bdi>)<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0635\u0648\u063a \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dp e2\" id=\"decade-1950\">\n<div class=\"dp-head\"><span class=\"dp-dec\" dir=\"ltr\">1950 &#8211; 1959<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"dp-ht\"><span class=\"dp-era\">\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0634\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628<\/span><strong class=\"dp-title\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dp-body\">\n<figure class=\"dp-fig\"><svg aria-label=\"\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 1946 \u06481954 \u06481964\" class=\"dsvg\" role=\"img\" viewbox=\"0 0 360 230\"><rect class=\"bg2\" height=\"222\" rx=\"12\" width=\"352\" x=\"4\" y=\"4\"><\/rect><line class=\"ln3\" x1=\"30\" x2=\"330\" y1=\"120\" y2=\"120\"><\/line><circle class=\"f-gold\" cx=\"290\" cy=\"120\" r=\"10\"><\/circle><text class=\"tn\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"290\" y=\"100\">1946<\/text><rect class=\"f-navy\" height=\"58\" rx=\"8\" width=\"104\" x=\"238\" y=\"140\"><\/rect><text class=\"tw\" font-size=\"13\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"290\" y=\"164\">\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645<\/text><text class=\"tw\" font-size=\"13\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"290\" y=\"186\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/text><circle class=\"f-gold\" cx=\"180\" cy=\"120\" r=\"10\"><\/circle><text class=\"tn\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"180\" y=\"100\">1954<\/text><rect class=\"f-navy\" height=\"58\" rx=\"8\" width=\"104\" x=\"128\" y=\"140\"><\/rect><text class=\"tw\" font-size=\"13\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"180\" y=\"164\">\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629<\/text><text class=\"tw\" font-size=\"13\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"180\" y=\"186\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/text><circle class=\"f-gold\" cx=\"70\" cy=\"120\" r=\"10\"><\/circle><text class=\"tn\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"70\" y=\"100\">1964<\/text><rect class=\"f-navy\" height=\"58\" rx=\"8\" width=\"104\" x=\"18\" y=\"140\"><\/rect><text class=\"tw\" font-size=\"13\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"70\" y=\"164\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/text><text class=\"tw\" font-size=\"13\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"70\" y=\"186\">\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/text><text class=\"t\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"180\" y=\"40\">\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644:<\/text><text class=\"th\" font-size=\"20\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"180\" y=\"66\">\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627<\/text><\/svg><figcaption>\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"dp-txt\">\n<p class=\"dp-lab\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649<\/p>\n<ul class=\"dp-ideas\">\n<li><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"ic-bulb\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M9 18h6M10 21h4M12 3a6 6 0 0 0-3.6 10.8c.6.5 1 1.2 1 2V16h5.2v-.2c0-.8.4-1.5 1-2A6 6 0 0 0 12 3z\"><\/path><\/svg><span><b>\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0631:<\/b> \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 &#8220;\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629&#8221; (1946) \u0648&#8221;\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629&#8221; (1954) \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c&#8221; (1964) \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"dp-lab\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629<\/p>\n<ul class=\"dp-items\">\n<li><span><b>\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0643<\/b> \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639&#8221; (1951): \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span><b>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">HBR<\/bdi>:<\/b> &#8220;\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644&#8221; \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u062c\u0631\u0632 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0631 (1952) \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span><b>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">HBR<\/bdi>:<\/b> &#8220;\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631&#8221; \u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 (1954): \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote class=\"callout\">\n<p>\u00ab\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644: \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627.\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><cite>\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0631<\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dp-ctx\">\n<div class=\"dp-ind\"><span class=\"chip\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a: <b dir=\"ltr\">4,082<\/b> \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 $<\/span><span class=\"chip\">\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637: <b dir=\"ltr\">15.97<\/b> $<\/span><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (1950 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1953)<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0632<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0643<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dp e2\" id=\"decade-1960\">\n<div class=\"dp-head\"><span class=\"dp-dec\" dir=\"ltr\">1960 &#8211; 1969<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"dp-ht\"><span class=\"dp-era\">\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0634\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628<\/span><strong class=\"dp-title\">\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u0647<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dp-body\">\n<figure class=\"dp-fig\"><svg aria-label=\"\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\" class=\"dsvg\" role=\"img\" viewbox=\"0 0 360 230\"><rect class=\"bg2\" height=\"222\" rx=\"12\" width=\"352\" x=\"4\" y=\"4\"><\/rect><rect class=\"f-gold\" height=\"76\" rx=\"8\" width=\"121\" x=\"157\" y=\"42\"><\/rect><text class=\"tk\" font-size=\"13\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"217.5\" y=\"85.0\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645<\/text><rect class=\"f-teal\" height=\"76\" rx=\"8\" width=\"121\" x=\"32\" y=\"42\"><\/rect><text class=\"tw\" font-size=\"13\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"92.5\" y=\"85.0\">\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0645<\/text><rect class=\"f-acc\" height=\"76\" rx=\"8\" width=\"121\" x=\"157\" y=\"122\"><\/rect><text class=\"tw\" font-size=\"13\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"217.5\" y=\"165.0\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0628<\/text><rect class=\"f-navy\" height=\"76\" rx=\"8\" width=\"121\" x=\"32\" y=\"122\"><\/rect><text class=\"tw\" font-size=\"13\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"92.5\" y=\"165.0\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0628<\/text><text class=\"th\" font-size=\"13\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"155\" y=\"30\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/text><text class=\"tm\" font-size=\"11\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"217.5\" y=\"216\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/text><text class=\"tm\" font-size=\"11\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"92.5\" y=\"216\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/text><text class=\"tm\" font-size=\"11\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"302\" y=\"84.0\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d<\/text><text class=\"tm\" font-size=\"11\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"302\" y=\"164.0\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<\/text><text class=\"th\" font-size=\"13\" text-anchor=\"middle\" transform=\"rotate(90 330 120)\" x=\"330\" y=\"120\">\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642<\/text><\/svg><figcaption>\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"dp-txt\">\n<p class=\"dp-lab\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649<\/p>\n<ul class=\"dp-ideas\">\n<li><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"ic-bulb\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M9 18h6M10 21h4M12 3a6 6 0 0 0-3.6 10.8c.6.5 1 1.2 1 2V16h5.2v-.2c0-.8.4-1.5 1-2A6 6 0 0 0 12 3z\"><\/path><\/svg><span><b>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">X<\/bdi> \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">Y<\/bdi>:<\/b> \u062f\u0648\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0628\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"dp-lab\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629<\/p>\n<ul class=\"dp-items\">\n<li><span><b>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">HBR<\/bdi>:<\/b> &#8220;\u0642\u0650\u0635\u064e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642\u064a&#8221; \u0644\u062a\u064a\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062a (1960) \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631: \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u062a \u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627\u061f<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span><b>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/b> \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0642\u0647.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span><b>\u0633\u0627\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634<\/b> \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629&#8221; (1963) \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span><b>\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u064a\u062b \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062b<\/b> \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629&#8221; (1967): \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span><b>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">HBR<\/bdi>:<\/b> &#8220;\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646\u061f&#8221; \u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0647\u0631\u0632\u0628\u0631\u062c (1968) \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dp-ctx\">\n<div class=\"dp-ind\"><span class=\"chip\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a: <b dir=\"ltr\">6,855<\/b> \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 $<\/span><span class=\"chip\">\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637: <b dir=\"ltr\">14.42<\/b> $<\/span><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dp e2\" id=\"decade-1970\">\n<div class=\"dp-head\"><span class=\"dp-dec\" dir=\"ltr\">1970 &#8211; 1979<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"dp-ht\"><span class=\"dp-era\">\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0634\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628<\/span><strong class=\"dp-title\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dp-body\">\n<figure class=\"dp-fig\"><svg aria-label=\"\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0631\" class=\"dsvg\" role=\"img\" viewbox=\"0 0 360 230\"><rect class=\"bg2\" height=\"222\" rx=\"12\" width=\"352\" x=\"4\" y=\"4\"><\/rect><rect class=\"f-navy\" height=\"54\" rx=\"8\" width=\"100\" x=\"130\" y=\"88\"><\/rect><text class=\"tw\" font-size=\"13\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"180\" y=\"112\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0646<\/text><text class=\"tw\" font-size=\"13\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"180\" y=\"130\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/text><rect class=\"f-acc\" height=\"44\" rx=\"8\" width=\"100\" x=\"130\" y=\"14\"><\/rect><text class=\"tw\" font-size=\"13\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"180\" y=\"41\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f<\/text><rect class=\"f-acc\" height=\"44\" rx=\"8\" width=\"100\" x=\"130\" y=\"170\"><\/rect><text class=\"tw\" font-size=\"13\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"180\" y=\"197\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644<\/text><rect class=\"f-acc\" height=\"44\" rx=\"8\" width=\"96\" x=\"250\" y=\"92\"><\/rect><text class=\"tw\" font-size=\"13\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"298\" y=\"119\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0646<\/text><rect class=\"f-acc\" height=\"44\" rx=\"8\" width=\"96\" x=\"14\" y=\"92\"><\/rect><text class=\"tw\" font-size=\"13\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"62\" y=\"119\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646<\/text><path class=\"arr\" d=\"M180 58v24\"><\/path><path class=\"arr\" d=\"M180 170v-22\"><\/path><path class=\"arr\" d=\"M250 114h-14\"><\/path><path class=\"arr\" d=\"M110 114h14\"><\/path><defs><marker id=\"ah\" markerheight=\"6\" markerwidth=\"6\" orient=\"auto-start-reverse\" refx=\"8\" refy=\"5\" viewbox=\"0 0 10 10\"><path class=\"f-acc2\" d=\"M0 0L10 5L0 10z\"><\/path><\/marker><\/defs><\/svg><figcaption>\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0632\u0646\u0633 \u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0648 (1979)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"dp-txt\">\n<p class=\"dp-lab\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649<\/p>\n<ul class=\"dp-ideas\">\n<li><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"ic-bulb\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M9 18h6M10 21h4M12 3a6 6 0 0 0-3.6 10.8c.6.5 1 1.2 1 2V16h5.2v-.2c0-.8.4-1.5 1-2A6 6 0 0 0 12 3z\"><\/path><\/svg><span><b>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629:<\/b> \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062c: \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"ic-bulb\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M9 18h6M10 21h4M12 3a6 6 0 0 0-3.6 10.8c.6.5 1 1.2 1 2V16h5.2v-.2c0-.8.4-1.5 1-2A6 6 0 0 0 12 3z\"><\/path><\/svg><span><b>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633:<\/b> \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0631 &#8220;\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629&#8221; (1979) \u0641\u064a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">HBR<\/bdi>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"dp-lab\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629<\/p>\n<ul class=\"dp-items\">\n<li><span><b>\u0643\u064a\u0646\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0632<\/b> \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629&#8221; (1971): \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span><b>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">HBR<\/bdi>:<\/b> &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062c\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0631 (1972): \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span><b>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">HBR<\/bdi>:<\/b> &#8220;\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629&#8221; \u0644\u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0628\u0631\u062c (1975): \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span><b>\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631<\/b> \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629&#8221; (1977): \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dp-ctx\">\n<div class=\"dp-ind\"><span class=\"chip\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a: <b dir=\"ltr\">12,138<\/b> \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 $<\/span><span class=\"chip\">\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637: <b dir=\"ltr\">10.42<\/b> $<\/span><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0628\u0643 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u0636\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u062a\u0631\u062c\u064a\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dp e3\" id=\"decade-1980\">\n<div class=\"dp-head\"><span class=\"dp-dec\" dir=\"ltr\">1980 &#8211; 1989<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"dp-ht\"><span class=\"dp-era\">\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0634\u0644: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0649 2012<\/span><strong class=\"dp-title\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dp-body\">\n<figure class=\"dp-fig\"><svg aria-label=\"\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\" class=\"dsvg\" role=\"img\" viewbox=\"0 0 360 230\"><rect class=\"bg2\" height=\"222\" rx=\"12\" width=\"352\" x=\"4\" y=\"4\"><\/rect><polygon class=\"tri\" points=\"180,50 62,180 298,180\"><\/polygon><circle class=\"f-navy\" cx=\"180\" cy=\"46\" r=\"38\"><\/circle><text class=\"tw\" font-size=\"13\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"180\" y=\"51\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/text><circle class=\"f-navy\" cx=\"62\" cy=\"180\" r=\"38\"><\/circle><text class=\"tw\" font-size=\"13\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"62\" y=\"185\">\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/text><circle class=\"f-navy\" cx=\"298\" cy=\"180\" r=\"38\"><\/circle><text class=\"tw\" font-size=\"13\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"298\" y=\"185\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/text><text class=\"tm\" font-size=\"11\" text-anchor=\"start\" x=\"226\" y=\"30\">\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0631<\/text><text class=\"tm\" font-size=\"11\" text-anchor=\"start\" x=\"226\" y=\"46\">1980 \u06481985<\/text><text class=\"tm\" font-size=\"11\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"62\" y=\"128\">\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0632 \u0648\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 1982<\/text><text class=\"tm\" font-size=\"11\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"298\" y=\"128\">\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 1983<\/text><text class=\"th\" font-size=\"14\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"180\" y=\"118\">\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/text><text class=\"t\" font-size=\"12\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"180\" y=\"140\">\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/text><text class=\"tm\" font-size=\"11\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"180\" y=\"202\">\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0631: \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 1985<\/text><\/svg><figcaption>\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"dp-txt\">\n<p class=\"dp-lab\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649<\/p>\n<ul class=\"dp-ideas\">\n<li><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"ic-bulb\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M9 18h6M10 21h4M12 3a6 6 0 0 0-3.6 10.8c.6.5 1 1.2 1 2V16h5.2v-.2c0-.8.4-1.5 1-2A6 6 0 0 0 12 3z\"><\/path><\/svg><span><b>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629:<\/b> \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c&#8221; \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"dp-lab\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629<\/p>\n<ul class=\"dp-items\">\n<li><span><b>\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0631:<\/b> \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629&#8221; (1980) \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629&#8221; (1985) \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span><b>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">HBR<\/bdi>:<\/b> &#8220;\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a&#8221; \u0644\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062b\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span><b>\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0632 \u0648\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/b> \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632&#8221; (1982) \u064a\u0645\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span><b>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">HBR<\/bdi>:<\/b> &#8220;\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631&#8221; \u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0631 (1985) \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span><b>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">HBR<\/bdi>:<\/b> &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629&#8221; \u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 (1989) \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote class=\"callout\">\n<p>\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627.\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><cite>\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0631<\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dp-ctx\">\n<div class=\"dp-ind\"><span class=\"chip\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a: <b dir=\"ltr\">18,818<\/b> \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 $<\/span><span class=\"chip\">\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637: <b dir=\"ltr\">100.54<\/b> $<\/span><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0643\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0633\u0644\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0630 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0636\u062e\u0645 (1980 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1983)<\/li>\n<li>\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">AT&amp;T<\/bdi><\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dp e3\" id=\"decade-1990\">\n<div class=\"dp-head\"><span class=\"dp-dec\" dir=\"ltr\">1990 &#8211; 1999<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"dp-ht\"><span class=\"dp-era\">\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0634\u0644: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0649 2012<\/span><strong class=\"dp-title\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dp-body\">\n<figure class=\"dp-fig\"><svg aria-label=\"\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646: \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\" class=\"dsvg\" role=\"img\" viewbox=\"0 0 360 230\"><rect class=\"bg2\" height=\"222\" rx=\"12\" width=\"352\" x=\"4\" y=\"4\"><\/rect><circle class=\"f-gold\" cx=\"180\" cy=\"115\" r=\"42\"><\/circle><text class=\"tk\" font-size=\"13\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"180\" y=\"111\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629<\/text><text class=\"tk\" font-size=\"13\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"180\" y=\"130\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/text><rect class=\"f-navy\" height=\"40\" rx=\"10\" width=\"112\" x=\"124\" y=\"14\"><\/rect><text class=\"tw\" font-size=\"13\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"180\" y=\"39\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/text><rect class=\"f-navy\" height=\"40\" rx=\"10\" width=\"112\" x=\"124\" y=\"176\"><\/rect><text class=\"tw\" font-size=\"13\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"180\" y=\"201\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648<\/text><rect class=\"f-navy\" height=\"40\" rx=\"10\" width=\"112\" x=\"244\" y=\"95\"><\/rect><text class=\"tw\" font-size=\"13\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"300\" y=\"120\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621<\/text><rect class=\"f-navy\" height=\"40\" rx=\"10\" width=\"112\" x=\"4\" y=\"95\"><\/rect><text class=\"tw\" font-size=\"13\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"60\" y=\"120\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/text><path class=\"ln2\" d=\"M180 54v18M180 176v-19M244 115h-22M116 115h22\"><\/path><\/svg><figcaption>\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646: \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"dp-txt\">\n<p class=\"dp-lab\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649<\/p>\n<ul class=\"dp-ideas\">\n<li><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"ic-bulb\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M9 18h6M10 21h4M12 3a6 6 0 0 0-3.6 10.8c.6.5 1 1.2 1 2V16h5.2v-.2c0-.8.4-1.5 1-2A6 6 0 0 0 12 3z\"><\/path><\/svg><span><b>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/b> \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629&#8221;: \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"ic-bulb\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M9 18h6M10 21h4M12 3a6 6 0 0 0-3.6 10.8c.6.5 1 1.2 1 2V16h5.2v-.2c0-.8.4-1.5 1-2A6 6 0 0 0 12 3z\"><\/path><\/svg><span><b>\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646:<\/b> \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646 (1992) \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"dp-lab\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629<\/p>\n<ul class=\"dp-items\">\n<li><span><b>\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u062c<\/b> \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633&#8221; (1990) \u064a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629&#8221;.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span><b>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">HBR<\/bdi>:<\/b> &#8220;\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644: \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062a\u0645\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0645&#8221; \u0644\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span><b>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">HBR<\/bdi>:<\/b> &#8220;\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631: \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u061f&#8221; \u0644\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0641\u0646 \u0625\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span><b>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">HBR<\/bdi>:<\/b> &#8220;\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u061f&#8221; \u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 (1998) \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span><b>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">HBR<\/bdi>:<\/b> &#8220;\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u061f&#8221; \u0644\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0632\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0644 (1998) \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u062f.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dp-ctx\">\n<div class=\"dp-ind\"><span class=\"chip\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a: <b dir=\"ltr\">27,540<\/b> \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 $<\/span><span class=\"chip\">\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637: <b dir=\"ltr\">40.83<\/b> $<\/span><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062e\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 (1997 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1998)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dp e3\" id=\"decade-2000\">\n<div class=\"dp-head\"><span class=\"dp-dec\" dir=\"ltr\">2000 &#8211; 2011<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"dp-ht\"><span class=\"dp-era\">\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0634\u0644: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0649 2012<\/span><strong class=\"dp-title\">\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dp-body\">\n<figure class=\"dp-fig\"><svg aria-label=\"\u0647\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\" class=\"dsvg\" role=\"img\" viewbox=\"0 0 360 230\"><rect class=\"bg2\" height=\"222\" rx=\"12\" width=\"352\" x=\"4\" y=\"4\"><\/rect><text class=\"th\" font-size=\"12\" text-anchor=\"end\" x=\"348\" y=\"24\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/text><text class=\"th\" font-size=\"12\" text-anchor=\"start\" x=\"12\" y=\"24\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646)<\/text><polygon class=\"f-gold\" points=\"180,34 199,77 161,77\"><\/polygon><text class=\"tk\" font-size=\"13\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"180\" y=\"66.5\">1<\/text><text class=\"tm\" font-size=\"11\" text-anchor=\"end\" x=\"348\" y=\"62.5\">\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 20,000 $<\/text><text class=\"tm\" font-size=\"11\" text-anchor=\"start\" x=\"12\" y=\"62.5\">\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629<\/text><polygon class=\"f-teal\" points=\"161,79 199,79 218,122 142,122\"><\/polygon><text class=\"tw\" font-size=\"13\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"180\" y=\"107.5\">2<\/text><text class=\"tm\" font-size=\"11\" text-anchor=\"end\" x=\"348\" y=\"107.5\">10,000 \u0625\u0644\u0649 20,000 $<\/text><text class=\"tm\" font-size=\"11\" text-anchor=\"start\" x=\"12\" y=\"107.5\">60 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627<\/text><polygon class=\"f-acc\" points=\"142,124 218,124 236,167 124,167\"><\/polygon><text class=\"tw\" font-size=\"13\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"180\" y=\"152.5\">3<\/text><text class=\"tm\" font-size=\"11\" text-anchor=\"end\" x=\"348\" y=\"152.5\">5,000 \u0625\u0644\u0649 10,000 $<\/text><text class=\"tm\" font-size=\"11\" text-anchor=\"start\" x=\"12\" y=\"152.5\">330 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627<\/text><polygon class=\"f-navy\" points=\"124,169 236,169 255,212 105,212\"><\/polygon><text class=\"tw\" font-size=\"13\" text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"180\" y=\"197.5\">4<\/text><text class=\"tm\" font-size=\"11\" text-anchor=\"end\" x=\"348\" y=\"197.5\">\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 5,000 $<\/text><text class=\"tm\" font-size=\"11\" text-anchor=\"start\" x=\"12\" y=\"197.5\">800 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/text><\/svg><figcaption>\u0647\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u062b\u0627\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"dp-txt\">\n<p class=\"dp-lab\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649<\/p>\n<ul class=\"dp-ideas\">\n<li><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"ic-bulb\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M9 18h6M10 21h4M12 3a6 6 0 0 0-3.6 10.8c.6.5 1 1.2 1 2V16h5.2v-.2c0-.8.4-1.5 1-2A6 6 0 0 0 12 3z\"><\/path><\/svg><span><b>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0639\u0632\u0639:<\/b> \u0643\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0633\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0639\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"ic-bulb\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M9 18h6M10 21h4M12 3a6 6 0 0 0-3.6 10.8c.6.5 1 1.2 1 2V16h5.2v-.2c0-.8.4-1.5 1-2A6 6 0 0 0 12 3z\"><\/path><\/svg><span><b>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a:<\/b> \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"dp-lab\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629<\/p>\n<ul class=\"dp-items\">\n<li><span><b>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">HBR<\/bdi>:<\/b> &#8220;\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span><b>\u0641\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0646<\/b> \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0642&#8221; (2001): \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span><b>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">HBR<\/bdi>:<\/b> &#8220;\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0632\u0639\u0632\u0639 \u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627&#8221; \u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0628\u0644 (2009) \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a&#8221;.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote class=\"callout\">\n<p>\u00ab\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0633\u062a\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0642\u0638 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0643.\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><cite>\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0633\u0646<\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dp-ctx\">\n<div class=\"dp-ind\"><span class=\"chip\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a: <b dir=\"ltr\">41,017<\/b> \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 $<\/span><span class=\"chip\">\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637: <b dir=\"ltr\">37.22<\/b> $<\/span><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 (2007 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2009)<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 id=\"sec-4-1\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/h3>\n<p>\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0643 5 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645:<\/p>\n<ol type=\"1\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632:<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0643\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0631\u0632\u0628\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u062a:<\/strong> \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u201c\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629\u061f\u201d \u0637\u064f\u0631\u062d \u0641\u064a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">HBR<\/bdi> \u0639\u0627\u0645 1923\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629:<\/strong> \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1954\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0643\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 40 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627:<\/strong> \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u064a\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u201d \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0639\u0632\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div aria-label=\"12 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\" class=\"cards cards-co came-section\">\n<div class=\"cd-head\"><span class=\"cd-eyebrow\">\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/span><strong>12 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/div>\n<p class=\"cd-note\">\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<div class=\"co-grid\">\n<div class=\"co\" style=\"--co:#0A64A9\">\n<div class=\"co-mark\"><b>\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628<\/b><span><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Midvale Steel<\/bdi><\/span><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"co-year\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1878<\/bdi><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"co-lesson\">\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"co\" style=\"--co:#0B8FA8\">\n<div class=\"co-mark\"><b>\u064a\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0643<\/b><span><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Yale Lock<\/bdi><\/span><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"co-year\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1886<\/bdi><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"co-lesson\">\u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"co\" style=\"--co:#073F7B\">\n<div class=\"co-mark\"><b>\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f<\/b><span><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Ford<\/bdi><\/span><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"co-year\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1913<\/bdi><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"co-lesson\">\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"co\" style=\"--co:#C98A12\">\n<div class=\"co-mark\"><b>\u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643<\/b><span><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Western Electric<\/bdi><\/span><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"co-year\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1924-1933<\/bdi><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"co-lesson\">\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"co\" style=\"--co:#0A64A9\">\n<div class=\"co-mark\"><b>\u062f\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0646\u062a<\/b><span><bdi dir=\"ltr\">DuPont<\/bdi><\/span><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"co-year\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"co-lesson\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"co\" style=\"--co:#0B8FA8\">\n<div class=\"co-mark\"><b>\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0627<\/b><span><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Toyota<\/bdi><\/span><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"co-year\">\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"co-lesson\">\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0646).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"co\" style=\"--co:#073F7B\">\n<div class=\"co-mark\"><b>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/b><span><bdi dir=\"ltr\">BCG<\/bdi><\/span><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"co-year\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"co-lesson\">\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"co\" style=\"--co:#C98A12\">\n<div class=\"co-mark\"><b>\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0644<\/b><span><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Intel<\/bdi><\/span><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"co-year\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"co-lesson\">\u0622\u0646\u062f\u064a \u062c\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"co\" style=\"--co:#0A64A9\">\n<div class=\"co-mark\"><b>\u0643\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0643<\/b><span><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Kodak<\/bdi><\/span><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"co-year\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1975 \/ 2012<\/bdi><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"co-lesson\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0644\u0633\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0641\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"co\" style=\"--co:#0B8FA8\">\n<div class=\"co-mark\"><b>\u062c\u0648\u062c\u0644<\/b><span><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Google<\/bdi><\/span><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"co-year\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1999 \/ 2016<\/bdi><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"co-lesson\">\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">OKRs<\/bdi>\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u0648 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"co\" style=\"--co:#073F7B\">\n<div class=\"co-mark\"><b>\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643<\/b><span><bdi dir=\"ltr\">General Electric<\/bdi><\/span><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"co-year\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">2009<\/bdi><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"co-lesson\">\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0632\u0639\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u0639\u0632\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"co\" style=\"--co:#C98A12\">\n<div class=\"co-mark\"><b>\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641\u062a<\/b><span><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Microsoft<\/bdi><\/span><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"co-year\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">2014<\/bdi><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"co-lesson\">\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621&#8221; \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621&#8221;.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 id=\"sec-4-2\">\u0645\u0646 2012 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2026: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062e\u0637 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062e\u0637 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0646\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629: \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062c\u0644 (2016)\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1999\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 (2020)\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 (\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2012) \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u201c\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639\u201d \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2012 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0632\u0639\u0629\u201d \u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0644.<\/p>\n<p class=\"related\"><span class=\"rel-label\">\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631<\/span><span class=\"rel-text\">\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/minimba\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u063a\u0631 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME Mini MBA<\/bdi><\/a> \u0648<a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/lmd\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME LMD<\/bdi><\/a>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sec normal came-section\" id=\"sec-5\">\n<div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"ord\">\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 21\u061f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">VUCA<\/bdi> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">BANI<\/bdi><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 21 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 5 \u0642\u0648\u0649: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"sec-5-1\">\u0645\u0646 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">VUCA<\/bdi> \u0625\u0644\u0649 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">BANI<\/bdi>: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u061f<\/h3>\n<p><bdi dir=\"ltr\">VUCA<\/bdi> \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0623\u0645\u0627 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">BANI<\/bdi> \u0641\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0634\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0644\u0650\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0635\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d <bdi dir=\"ltr\">BANI<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2018 \u062b\u0645 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2020 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/llyc.global\/en\/ideas\/after-vuca-the-transformation-to-a-bani-world\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a<\/a> (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">LLYC, n.d.<\/bdi>). \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631: <bdi dir=\"ltr\">VUCA<\/bdi> \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">BANI<\/bdi> \u0641\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u062c\u0623\u0629 (\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-wrap\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641<\/th>\n<th>VUCA<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647<\/th>\n<th>BANI<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>Volatile<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628<\/td>\n<td>Brittle<\/td>\n<td>\u0647\u0634\u0651\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0641\u062c\u0623\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>Uncertain<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f<\/td>\n<td>Anxious<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u0644\u0650\u0642\u060c \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>Complex<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f<\/td>\n<td>Non-linear<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>Ambiguous<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0628\u0647\u0645<\/td>\n<td>Incomprehensible<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h3 id=\"sec-5-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a:<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0632\u064a \u201c\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a 2026\u201d \u0642\u0627\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/capabilities\/quantumblack\/our-insights\/the-state-of-ai\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0646\u062d\u0648 9 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 10 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/a> (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">McKinsey &amp; Company, 2026<\/bdi>)\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 37% \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628\u060c \u06486% \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0635\u064f\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u201c\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u201d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/publications\/the-future-of-jobs-report-2025\/digest\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 2025 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/a> (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">World Economic Forum, 2025<\/bdi>) \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 39% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 2030\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u062e\u0644\u0642 170 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u064a 92 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a 78 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">PwC<\/bdi> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u064a\u0646 (\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2026) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0644 4,454 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a 95 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pwc.com\/gr\/en\/publications\/specific-to-all-industries-index\/ceo-survey.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">42% \u0625\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 5 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/a> (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">PwC, 2026a<\/bdi>)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0648\u0649 16% \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 5 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637:<\/strong> 20% \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a 2025\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 22% \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0628 2026.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629:<\/strong> \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/certified-professional-ai-for-business-came-cpaib\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CPAIB<\/bdi><\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/clc\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CLC<\/bdi><\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/strategic_agility_certificate\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">GSAC<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"callout\">\n<p><strong>\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0643\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0643.<\/strong> \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0643\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0643 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1975\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0625\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2012. \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jbs.cam.ac.uk\/2012\/the-reasons-behind-kodaks-demise\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0643\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/a> (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Munir, 2012<\/bdi>)\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u062c\u0632\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"related\"><span class=\"rel-label\">\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631<\/span><span class=\"rel-text\">\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/training-programs\/business-management-courses-list\/administrative-leadership-in-the-context-of-modern-global-changes\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME ALMGC<\/bdi><\/a>\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/training-programs\/business-management-courses-list\/building-organizations-to-survive\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME BOS<\/bdi><\/a>\u060c \u0648<a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/cmc\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME CMC<\/bdi><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0643 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sec normal came-section\" id=\"sec-6\">\n<div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"ord\">\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u064b\u0627<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629: 15 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u0645 15 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637.<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-wrap\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>#<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td>Agile Management<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0627\u064a\u0644 2001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>Agility &amp; Strategic Agility<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u064a 1991\u060c \u0631\u0648\u062b 1996\u060c \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 2008<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>OKRs<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0644\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u062c\u0644 1999<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/td>\n<td>Digital Transformation<\/td>\n<td>\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>Data-Driven Management<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/td>\n<td>Human-AI Collaboration<\/td>\n<td>\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641\u062a 2025 \u0639\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a<\/td>\n<td>Design Thinking<\/td>\n<td>\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0642<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<td>Experience Management (CX, EX)<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>Transformational Leadership<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0632 1978\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633 1985<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<td>Psychological Safety<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0626\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0641<\/td>\n<td>\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 1999<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>11<\/td>\n<td>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d<\/td>\n<td>Innovation &amp; Open Innovation<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0633\u0646 1997\u060c \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0631\u0648 2003<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>Change Management<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u0648\u062a\u0631 1996<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>13<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td>Learning Organization &amp; KM<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0633\u064a\u0646\u062c 1990\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0643\u0627 1995<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>14<\/td>\n<td>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628<\/td>\n<td>Talent Management<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0632\u064a \u201c\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628\u201d 1997<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>15<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<td>Sustainability &amp; ESG<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f 1987\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062c\u062a\u0648\u0646 1994<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a 7 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<p class=\"related\"><span class=\"rel-label\">\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631<\/span><span class=\"rel-text\">\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/minimba\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u063a\u0631 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME Mini MBA<\/bdi><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/lmd\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME LMD<\/bdi><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645 11 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sec normal came-section\" id=\"sec-7\">\n<div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"ord\">\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u064b\u0627<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627. \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642 (1991)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 (1996\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 2008)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a (2001).<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0638\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/articles\/strategic-agility-guide\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0628<\/a> (\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u060c 2025)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"sec-7-1\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u064f\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629\u061f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u064a 1991 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0627\u064a\u0644 2001<\/h3>\n<p>\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Agility<\/bdi>) \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1991 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f <bdi dir=\"ltr\">Iacocca<\/bdi> \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">Lehigh<\/bdi> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0633\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0643\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1990 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1991 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u062c\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u062f\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 13 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0632 \u0648 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">IBM<\/bdi> \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0646\u062c. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0645 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">AD-A257 032<\/bdi>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 3 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629: <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong> (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631)\u060c \u0648<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642<\/strong> (\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a)\u060c \u0648<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong> (\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627). \u0648\u0646\u0628\u0651\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0645\u0647\u0645: \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644:<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-wrap\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641\u062a\u061f<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1991<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0636\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 150 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 1992<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1996<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u062b<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2001<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0627\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2008<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629\u201d<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2017<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0632\u064a<\/td>\n<td>37% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u064875% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h3 id=\"sec-7-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644: \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0627\u064a\u0644 2001<\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u064a\u0646 11 \u064813 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2001\u060c \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 <a href=\"https:\/\/agilemanifesto.org\/history.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">17 \u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/a> (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Highsmith, 2001<\/bdi>) \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u201c\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0627\u064a\u0644\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 4 \u0642\u064a\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0647: \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"sec-7-3\">\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629\u061f \u0648\u0645\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u062f. \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0628 (2020) \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629:<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"callout\">\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 = \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 + \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 + \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 + \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u201c\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629\u061f\u201d\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u201c\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u061f\u201d.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3 id=\"sec-7-4\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0641 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Lean<\/bdi>). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-wrap\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Flexibility<\/bdi>)<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Lean<\/bdi>)<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Agility<\/bdi>)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h3 id=\"sec-7-5\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062f. \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"callout\">\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062f. \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 (2020):<\/strong> \u00ab\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Holistic Management Approach<\/bdi>) \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u00bb.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 (2008) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0648 (2019). \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a)\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644). \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0647\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 3 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol type=\"1\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Strategic Sensitivity<\/bdi>):<\/strong> \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Collective Commitment<\/bdi>):<\/strong> \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0651\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Strategic Response<\/bdi>):<\/strong> \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u201c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u201d \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0641\u0636\u0651\u0644 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"callout\">\n<p><strong>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627\u061f<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3 id=\"sec-7-6\">\u0647\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u061f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u060c 2025) 5 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645:<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-wrap\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Innosight<\/bdi> (2018)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0628 (2025)<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">S&amp;P 500<\/bdi><\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0646 33 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 (1964) \u0625\u0644\u0649 24 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 (2016)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 12 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 2027<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><bdi dir=\"ltr\">McKinsey<\/bdi> (2015)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0628 (2025)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td>12% \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a\u0647\u0627 70% \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><bdi dir=\"ltr\">McGrath<\/bdi>\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0628 (2025)<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 2,300 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/td>\n<td>10 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0646\u0645\u062a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 5% \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Aghina et al. (2021)<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 30% \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 5 \u0625\u0644\u0649 10 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Handscomb et al<\/bdi>. (2021)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0628 (2025)<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0632\u064a 2021\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a 2,190 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 30% \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 75% \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"callout callout-author\">\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645:<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 1993 \u062d\u062a\u0649 2016 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u062b\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629: \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u0651\u062f \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3 id=\"sec-7-7\">\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c: \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f 2012<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2012 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u201c\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0639!\u201d (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Accelerate<\/bdi>!) \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u201c\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a\u0643\u201d. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u0648\u0641\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u201c\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u201d \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"sec-7-8\">\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u062c\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644\u061f \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0646\u062c\u062d<\/strong> \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644<\/strong> \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0637\u0628\u0651\u0642 \u0643\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645) \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u062f \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646<\/strong> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u062a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0631\u0628\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629. \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"related\"><span class=\"rel-label\">\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631<\/span><span class=\"rel-text\">\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/articles\/strategic-agility-guide\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642<\/a> (\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u060c 2025). \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/strategic_agility_certificate\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME GSAC<\/bdi><\/a> \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648<a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/csp\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME CSP<\/bdi><\/a> \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/training-programs\/business-management-courses-list\/comprehensive-renewal-of-organizations\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME CRO<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"callout\">\n<p><strong>\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629:<\/strong> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/consulting\/request\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sec normal came-section\" id=\"sec-8\">\n<div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"ord\">\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a: \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"sec-8-1\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 2026 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0632\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 9 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 10 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 37% \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">PwC<\/bdi> \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u064a\u0646 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">PwC, 2026a<\/bdi>) \u0642\u0627\u0644 30% \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u064826% \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u064e 56% \u0623\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"sec-8-2\">\u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629\u201d \u0648\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641\u062a \u201c\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 2025\u201d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 31,000 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u064a 31 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/news.microsoft.com\/source\/emea\/features\/microsofts-2025-work-trend-index-report-reveals-the-rise-of-the-frontier-firm-marking-a-new-era-of-workforce-dynamics\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629\u201d (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Frontier Firm<\/bdi>)<\/a> (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Microsoft, 2025<\/bdi>) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 82% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 12 \u0625\u0644\u0649 18 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 67% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 40% \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631: \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"sec-8-3\">4 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/h3>\n<ol type=\"1\">\n<li>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627\u061f \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645\u061f<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u061f<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u061f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/consulting\/request\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a<\/a>\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u0647\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/ebc\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME ECA-G<\/bdi><\/a> \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n<p class=\"related\"><span class=\"rel-label\">\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631<\/span><span class=\"rel-text\">\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/certified-professional-ai-for-business-came-cpaib\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME CPAIB<\/bdi><\/a>\u060c \u0648<a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/rmc\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME RMC<\/bdi><\/a> \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648<a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/international-certificate-in-professional-digital-skills\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME ICPDS<\/bdi><\/a>. \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u064f\u0645\u0645\u062a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/ebc\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME ECA-G<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sec normal came-section\" id=\"sec-9\">\n<div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"ord\">\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u064b\u0627<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629: \u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0642\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"sec-9-1\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/web.stanford.edu\/class\/me113\/d_thinking.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0628\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644<\/a> (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Stanford University, n.d.<\/bdi>):<\/p>\n<ol type=\"1\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641:<\/strong> \u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641:<\/strong> \u0635\u064f\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631:<\/strong> \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a:<\/strong> \u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631:<\/strong> \u062c\u0631\u0651\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 id=\"sec-9-2\">\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639. \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621: \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/csc\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME CSC<\/bdi><\/a> \u0648<a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/crm\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME CRM<\/bdi><\/a>\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/hrmc\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME HRMC<\/bdi><\/a> \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"callout\">\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u061f<\/strong> \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631. \u0627\u0642\u0636\u0650 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639 3 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0647\u0645: \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u061f \u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"related\"><span class=\"rel-label\">\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631<\/span><span class=\"rel-text\">\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/training-programs\/business-management-courses-list\/creative-thinking-to-support-senior-management-decisions\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME CTSSMD<\/bdi><\/a>\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/training-programs\/business-management-courses-list\/the-14-tools-for-diagnosing-and-solving-problems\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME TDSP<\/bdi><\/a>\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/training-programs\/business-management-courses-list\/solve-problems-and-make-decisions-using-brainstorming\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME SPMDB<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sec normal came-section\" id=\"sec-10\">\n<div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"ord\">\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639\u064b\u0627<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a: \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u064a\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0638\u0646. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"sec-10-1\">\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u201d (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Burns, 1978<\/bdi>)\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a 4 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Bass, 1985<\/bdi>):<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-wrap\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631<\/th>\n<th>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u061f<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td>Idealized Influence<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>Inspirational Motivation<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td>Intellectual Stimulation<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a<\/td>\n<td>Individualized Consideration<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0643\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u064f\u062f\u0631\u0651\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/training-programs\/business-management-courses-list\/effective-administrative-leadership\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME EAL<\/bdi><\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/clc\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME CLC<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/p>\n<div aria-label=\"\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\" class=\"cards cards-people came-section\">\n<div class=\"cd-head\"><span class=\"cd-eyebrow\">\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629<\/span><strong>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a<\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"pc-grid\">\n<div class=\"pc came-art\" style=\"--pc:#0A64A9\">\n<div class=\"pc-top\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"pc-ini\">\u0628<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"pc-names\"><b>\u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0632<\/b><span class=\"pc-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">James MacGregor Burns<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"pc-years\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1918-2014<\/bdi><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"pc-work\"><span>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644:<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 <span class=\"pc-wy\">(<bdi dir=\"ltr\">1978<\/bdi>)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"pc-idea\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pc came-art\" style=\"--pc:#0B8FA8\">\n<div class=\"pc-top\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"pc-ini\">\u0628<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"pc-names\"><b>\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0633<\/b><span class=\"pc-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Bernard M. Bass<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"pc-years\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1925-2007<\/bdi><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"pc-work\"><span>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644:<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a <span class=\"pc-wy\">(<bdi dir=\"ltr\">1985<\/bdi>)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"pc-idea\">\u062d\u062f\u062f 4 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pc came-art\" style=\"--pc:#073F7B\">\n<div class=\"pc-top\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"pc-ini\">\u0625<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"pc-names\"><b>\u0625\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646<\/b><span class=\"pc-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Amy C. Edmondson<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"pc-years\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f 1959<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"pc-work\"><span>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644:<\/span> \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 <span class=\"pc-wy\">(<bdi dir=\"ltr\">1999<\/bdi>)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"pc-idea\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 id=\"sec-10-2\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gallup.com\/workplace\/713033\/managers-and-team-productivity.aspx\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u0645 70% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642<\/a> (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Gallup, 2026b<\/bdi>). \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0642\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u201c\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u0648\u201d \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062c\u0644 180 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0642\u0647\u0627 (115 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064865 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a) \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u060c \u0641\u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/rework.withgoogle.com\/intl\/en\/guides\/understand-team-effectiveness\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a<\/a> (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Google re:Work, n.d.<\/bdi>): \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628. \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/training-programs\/business-management-courses-list\/developing-the-supervisory-skills-of-supervisors-and-department-heads\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645<\/a> \u0648<a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/spc\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME CPS<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"sec-10-3\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a: \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u201c\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621\u201d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621\u201d<\/h3>\n<p>\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2014 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f 10 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dtnext.in\/news\/business\/microsoft-ceo-satya-nadella-caps-a-decade-of-change-and-huge-growth-765445\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 3 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0633\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 1,000%<\/a> (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">PTI, 2024<\/bdi>) \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 185% \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">S&amp;P 500<\/bdi>. \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062c\u062d.<\/p>\n<p class=\"related\"><span class=\"rel-label\">\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631<\/span><span class=\"rel-text\">\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 21\u060c \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/clc\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME CLC<\/bdi><\/a>\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/training-programs\/business-management-courses-list\/effective-administrative-leadership\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME EAL<\/bdi><\/a>\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/training-programs\/business-management-courses-list\/how-to-motivate-your-subordinates\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0643 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME HMS<\/bdi><\/a>\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/training-programs\/business-management-courses-list\/group-work-dynamics\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME GWD<\/bdi><\/a>. \u0648\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u062a\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/training-programs\/business-management-courses-list\/preparing-second-grade-leaders\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME PSGL<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sec normal came-section\" id=\"sec-11\">\n<div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"ord\">\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u062a\u061f<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"sec-11-1\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0639\u0632\u0639<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a:<\/strong> \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0627.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a:<\/strong> \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0639\u0632\u0639:<\/strong> \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1997 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u201c\u0645\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0632\u0639\u0629\u201d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0632\u0646\u0633 \u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2012\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0644\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u062f \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"sec-11-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0635\u0627\u063a \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0631\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u201d \u0639\u0627\u0645 2003: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u201c\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a\u201d: \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/training-programs\/business-management-courses-list\/communication-skills-and-negotiation-and-persuasion-strategies\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME CNPS<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/p>\n<div aria-label=\"\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\" class=\"cards cards-people came-section\">\n<div class=\"cd-head\"><span class=\"cd-eyebrow\">\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d<\/span><strong>\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"pc-grid\">\n<div class=\"pc came-art\" style=\"--pc:#0A64A9\">\n<div class=\"pc-top\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"pc-ini\">\u062a<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"pc-names\"><b>\u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0631\u0648<\/b><span class=\"pc-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Henry Chesbrough<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"pc-years\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f 1956<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"pc-work\"><span>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644:<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d <span class=\"pc-wy\">(<bdi dir=\"ltr\">2003<\/bdi>)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"pc-idea\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 id=\"sec-11-3\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0643\u0648\u062a\u0631: 8 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/h3>\n<p>\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0632\u0646\u0633 \u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0648 \u201c\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631: \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u061f\u201d \u0639\u0627\u0645 1995\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u201c\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u201d \u0639\u0627\u0645 1996\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kotterinc.com\/methodology\/8-steps\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u062a\u0631<\/a> (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Kotter Inc., n.d.<\/bdi>):<\/p>\n<ol type=\"1\">\n<li>\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062d.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631.<\/li>\n<li>\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0634\u062f \u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<blockquote class=\"callout\">\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645:<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 3 (\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 8 (\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d)\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629: \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"related\"><span class=\"rel-label\">\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631<\/span><span class=\"rel-text\">\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/training-programs\/business-management-courses-list\/change-and-development-management\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME CDM<\/bdi><\/a>\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/training-programs\/business-management-courses-list\/re-engineering-and-continuous-improvement-of-processes\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME ECIP<\/bdi><\/a>\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0641\u062d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/training-programs\/business-management-courses-list\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645<\/a> \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sec normal came-section\" id=\"sec-12\">\n<div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"ord\">\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629: \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"sec-12-1\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u062c<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1990 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u201d\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062f 5 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol type=\"1\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a:<\/strong> \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0639\u0631.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629:<\/strong> \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a:<\/strong> \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u061b \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/training-programs\/business-management-courses-list\/organizing-and-managing-effective-meetings\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME OMEM<\/bdi><\/a> \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/training-programs\/business-management-courses-list\/group-work-dynamics\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"sec-12-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c <bdi dir=\"ltr\">SECI<\/bdi><\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1966: \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0643\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1995 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c <bdi dir=\"ltr\">SECI<\/bdi> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a 4 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-wrap\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>Socialization<\/td>\n<td>\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c<\/td>\n<td>Externalization<\/td>\n<td>\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628<\/td>\n<td>Combination<\/td>\n<td>\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c<\/td>\n<td>Internalization<\/td>\n<td>\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u064a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<blockquote class=\"callout\">\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u061f<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0643: \u0644\u0648 \u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0643 \u063a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629\u061f \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u201c\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u201d\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"related\"><span class=\"rel-label\">\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631<\/span><span class=\"rel-text\">\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u062a\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/ptm\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME PTMC<\/bdi><\/a> \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648<a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/tot\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME TOT<\/bdi><\/a> \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sec normal came-section\" id=\"sec-13\">\n<div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"ord\">\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641: \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0635\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"sec-13-1\">\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0635\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0632\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u201c\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628\u201d \u0639\u0627\u0645 1997\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627. \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 59 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 100 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 2030 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">World Economic Forum, 2025<\/bdi>)\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 85% \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 70% \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"sec-13-2\">\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628<\/h3>\n<ol type=\"1\">\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629:<\/strong> \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f 3 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a:<\/strong> \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631:<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621:<\/strong> \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a:<\/strong> \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/hrmc\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME HRMC<\/bdi><\/a> \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/training-programs\/business-management-courses-list\/preparing-second-grade-leaders\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a> \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/consulting\/request\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"callout\">\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u061f<\/strong> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u0643 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0643. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"related\"><span class=\"rel-label\">\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631<\/span><span class=\"rel-text\">\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/hrmc\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME HRMC<\/bdi><\/a>\u060c \u0648<a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/cppm\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME CPPM<\/bdi><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0648 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">OKRs<\/bdi> \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/training-programs\/business-management-courses-list\/innovative-performance-management\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME IPM<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"callout\">\n<p><strong>\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629:<\/strong> \u064a\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645 <strong>\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/consulting\/request\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sec normal came-section\" id=\"sec-14\">\n<div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"ord\">\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0634\u0631<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0628\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<blockquote class=\"callout\">\n<p><strong>\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629:<\/strong> \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0628\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"sec-14-1\">\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u201c\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1987 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.are.admin.ch\/are\/en\/home\/media\/publications\/sustainable-development\/brundtland-report.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/a> (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987<\/bdi>).<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1994 \u0635\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062c\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629\u201d (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Triple Bottom Line<\/bdi>): \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062c\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0632\u0646\u0633 \u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u201c\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Elkington, 2018<\/bdi>)\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hec.edu\/en\/faculty-research\/centers\/sustainability-organizations-institute\/think\/so-institute-executive-factsheets\/what-triple-bottom-line\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">HEC<\/bdi> \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633<\/a> (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">HEC Paris, n.d.<\/bdi>).<\/p>\n<div aria-label=\"\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0628\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633\" class=\"cards cards-people came-section\">\n<div class=\"cd-head\"><span class=\"cd-eyebrow\">\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/span><strong>\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0628\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633<\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"pc-grid\">\n<div class=\"pc came-art\" style=\"--pc:#0A64A9\">\n<div class=\"pc-top\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"pc-ini\">\u0625<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"pc-names\"><b>\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062c\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/b><span class=\"pc-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">John Elkington<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"pc-years\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f 1949<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"pc-work\"><span>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644:<\/span> \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 <span class=\"pc-wy\">(<bdi dir=\"ltr\">1994<\/bdi>)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"pc-idea\">\u0642\u0650\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 id=\"sec-14-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">ESG<\/bdi>)<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">ESG<\/bdi> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a 3 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0635\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/chairman_board_certificate\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME CBC<\/bdi><\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/training-programs\/business-management-courses-list\/business-management-courses-list-work-ethics-and-organizational-affiliation\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a<\/a>.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"callout\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062c\u062a\u0648\u0646:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u064a\u0621 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"related\"><span class=\"rel-label\">\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631<\/span><span class=\"rel-text\">\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/chairman_board_certificate\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME CBC<\/bdi><\/a>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0635\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sec normal came-section\" id=\"sec-15\">\n<div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"ord\">\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646: 12 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a 4 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c. \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 12 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a 4 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u062c\u0648\u062c\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641\u062a \u0648 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">PwC<\/bdi> \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0648\u064a\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"sec-15-1\">\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0647\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 4 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641\u062a 2026 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 67% \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 32% \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Microsoft, 2026<\/bdi>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong> \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0645\u0646 31% \u0641\u064a 2022 \u0625\u0644\u0649 22% \u0641\u064a 2025\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a 79% \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Gallup, 2026a<\/bdi>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 7 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 10 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0644\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a 2026 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Deloitte, 2026<\/bdi>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627:<\/strong> \u062d\u0644\u0644\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">PwC<\/bdi> \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a 27 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0640 7 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">PwC, 2026b<\/bdi>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"sec-15-2\">\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0640 12<\/h3>\n<div class=\"table-wrap\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>#<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td>Data-Driven Decision Making<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642<\/td>\n<td>Strategic &amp; Creative Thinking<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<td>Agility &amp; Resilience<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639<\/td>\n<td>Communication &amp; Active Listening<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628<\/td>\n<td>Coaching &amp; Talent Development<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td>Delegation &amp; Empowerment<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<td>Change Leadership<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<td>Trust &amp; Psychological Safety<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0641<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a<\/td>\n<td>Emotional Intelligence<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td>\n<td>Growth Mindset<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0643\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>11<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>Digital, AI &amp; Data Literacy<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>Financial &amp; Business Acumen<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"layers\" id=\"layers-diagram\"><figcaption class=\"lay-head\"><span class=\"lay-eyebrow\">\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a<\/span><strong>\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639: 12 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f<\/strong><\/figcaption><div class=\"lay-stack\">\n<div class=\"lay lay-1\">\n<div class=\"lay-label\"><span class=\"ln\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 1<\/span><b>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/b><span class=\"le\" dir=\"ltr\">Thinking &amp; Judgment<\/span><span class=\"lq\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0631\u0631<\/span><span class=\"lc\">3 \u0645\u0646 12<\/span><\/div>\n<ul class=\"lay-skills\">\n<li class=\"t-skill\"><span class=\"sn\">1<\/span><span class=\"st\">\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/span><span class=\"tg\">\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"t-mix\"><span class=\"sn\">2<\/span><span class=\"st\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/span><span class=\"tg\">\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"t-ability\"><span class=\"sn\">3<\/span><span class=\"st\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/span><span class=\"tg\">\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lay lay-2\">\n<div class=\"lay-label\"><span class=\"ln\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 2<\/span><b>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631<\/b><span class=\"le\" dir=\"ltr\">Leading People<\/span><span class=\"lq\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645<\/span><span class=\"lc\">7 \u0645\u0646 12<\/span><\/div>\n<ul class=\"lay-skills\">\n<li class=\"t-skill\"><span class=\"sn\">4<\/span><span class=\"st\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639<\/span><span class=\"tg\">\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"t-skill\"><span class=\"sn\">5<\/span><span class=\"st\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Coaching<\/bdi>)<\/span><span class=\"tg\">\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"t-skill\"><span class=\"sn\">6<\/span><span class=\"st\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646<\/span><span class=\"tg\">\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"t-skill\"><span class=\"sn\">7<\/span><span class=\"st\">\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644<\/span><span class=\"tg\">\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"t-ability\"><span class=\"sn\">8<\/span><span class=\"st\">\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a<\/span><span class=\"tg\">\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"t-ability\"><span class=\"sn\">9<\/span><span class=\"st\">\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a<\/span><span class=\"tg\">\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"t-ability\"><span class=\"sn\">10<\/span><span class=\"st\">\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/span><span class=\"tg\">\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lay lay-3\">\n<div class=\"lay-label\"><span class=\"ln\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 3<\/span><b>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/b><span class=\"le\" dir=\"ltr\">Human + AI Work<\/span><span class=\"lq\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629<\/span><span class=\"lc\">1 \u0645\u0646 12<\/span><\/div>\n<ul class=\"lay-skills\">\n<li class=\"t-know\"><span class=\"sn\">11<\/span><span class=\"st\">\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/span><span class=\"tg\">\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lay lay-4\">\n<div class=\"lay-label\"><span class=\"ln\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 4<\/span><b>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/b><span class=\"le\" dir=\"ltr\">Business Understanding<\/span><span class=\"lq\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/span><span class=\"lc\">1 \u0645\u0646 12<\/span><\/div>\n<ul class=\"lay-skills\">\n<li class=\"t-know\"><span class=\"sn\">12<\/span><span class=\"st\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/span><span class=\"tg\">\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lay-legend\"><span><i class=\"t-skill\"><\/i>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629: \u062a\u062a\u0642\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629<\/span><span><i class=\"t-ability\"><\/i>\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629: \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644<\/span><span><i class=\"t-know\"><\/i>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629: \u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0647\u0627<\/span><span><i class=\"t-mix\"><\/i>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629: \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a (7 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631)\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"sec-15-3\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629:<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-wrap\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<blockquote class=\"callout\">\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u061f<\/strong> \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 12 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 90 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0650\u0633 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0643.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"related\"><span class=\"rel-label\">\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631<\/span><span class=\"rel-text\">\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u201d\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/lmd\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME LMD<\/bdi><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629:<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-wrap\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/training-programs\/business-management-courses-list\/the-integrated-approach-and-the-shift-from-decision-making-to-decision-making\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/a>\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/training-programs\/business-management-courses-list\/preparing-the-strategic-director\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/training-programs\/business-management-courses-list\/communication-skills-and-negotiation-and-persuasion-strategies\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639<\/a>\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/training-programs\/business-management-courses-list\/effective-delegation-skills\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644<\/a>\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/training-programs\/business-management-courses-list\/how-to-cope-with-work-stress\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/certified-professional-ai-for-business-came-cpaib\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME CPAIB<\/bdi><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/training-programs\/business-management-courses-list\/business-management-courses-list-results-based-management\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/a>\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/training-programs\/business-management-courses-list\/operational-planning-and-control\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/bpc\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u064a\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME BPC<\/bdi><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sec normal came-section\" id=\"sec-16\">\n<div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"ord\">\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u061f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644). \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u201c\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062e\u0635\u061f\u201d \u0628\u0644 \u201c\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0644\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u061f\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u062c\u0628. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u062c\u0644 \u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">re:Work<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<div aria-label=\"14 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\" class=\"cards cards-books came-section\">\n<div class=\"cd-head\"><span class=\"cd-eyebrow\">\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631<\/span><strong>14 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/strong><\/div>\n<p class=\"cd-note\">\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">WorldCat<\/bdi> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646 \u0648\u064f\u062c\u062f\u062a.<\/p>\n<div class=\"bk-grid\">\n<figure class=\"bk\" style=\"--bk:#0A64A9\">\n<div class=\"bk-cover\"><span class=\"bk-year\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1911<\/bdi><\/span><b class=\"bk-ar\">\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/b><span class=\"bk-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">The Principles of Scientific Management<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"bk-au\">\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631<\/span><\/div><figcaption><a class=\"bk-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gutenberg.org\/ebooks\/6435\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u2197<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"bk\" style=\"--bk:#0B8FA8\">\n<div class=\"bk-cover\"><span class=\"bk-year\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1916<\/bdi><\/span><b class=\"bk-ar\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/b><span class=\"bk-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Administration industrielle et g\u00e9n\u00e9rale<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"bk-au\">\u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0644<\/span><\/div><figcaption><a class=\"bk-link\" href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/search?q=Administration+industrielle+et+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale+Fayol\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u2197<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"bk\" style=\"--bk:#073F7B\">\n<div class=\"bk-cover\"><span class=\"bk-year\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1947<\/bdi><\/span><b class=\"bk-ar\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/b><span class=\"bk-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Administrative Behavior<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"bk-au\">\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646<\/span><\/div><figcaption><a class=\"bk-link\" href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/search?q=Administrative+behavior+Herbert+Simon\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u2197<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"bk\" style=\"--bk:#C98A12\">\n<div class=\"bk-cover\"><span class=\"bk-year\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1954<\/bdi><\/span><b class=\"bk-ar\">\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/b><span class=\"bk-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">The Practice of Management<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"bk-au\">\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0631<\/span><\/div><figcaption><a class=\"bk-link\" href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/search?q=The+practice+of+management+Drucker\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u2197<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"bk\" style=\"--bk:#0A64A9\">\n<div class=\"bk-cover\"><span class=\"bk-year\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1960<\/bdi><\/span><b class=\"bk-ar\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639<\/b><span class=\"bk-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">The Human Side of Enterprise<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"bk-au\">\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0648\u0631<\/span><\/div><figcaption><a class=\"bk-link\" href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/search?q=The+human+side+of+enterprise+McGregor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u2197<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"bk\" style=\"--bk:#0B8FA8\">\n<div class=\"bk-cover\"><span class=\"bk-year\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1962<\/bdi><\/span><b class=\"bk-ar\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644<\/b><span class=\"bk-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Strategy and Structure<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"bk-au\">\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0631<\/span><\/div><figcaption><a class=\"bk-link\" href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/search?q=Strategy+and+structure+Chandler\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u2197<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"bk\" style=\"--bk:#073F7B\">\n<div class=\"bk-cover\"><span class=\"bk-year\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1980<\/bdi><\/span><b class=\"bk-ar\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/b><span class=\"bk-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Competitive Strategy<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"bk-au\">\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0631<\/span><\/div><figcaption><a class=\"bk-link\" href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/search?q=Competitive+strategy+Porter\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u2197<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"bk\" style=\"--bk:#C98A12\">\n<div class=\"bk-cover\"><span class=\"bk-year\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1986<\/bdi><\/span><b class=\"bk-ar\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629<\/b><span class=\"bk-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Out of the Crisis<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"bk-au\">\u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0632 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062c<\/span><\/div><figcaption><a class=\"bk-link\" href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/search?q=Out+of+the+crisis+Deming\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u2197<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"bk\" style=\"--bk:#0A64A9\">\n<div class=\"bk-cover\"><span class=\"bk-year\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1990<\/bdi><\/span><b class=\"bk-ar\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633<\/b><span class=\"bk-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">The Fifth Discipline<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"bk-au\">\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u062c<\/span><\/div><figcaption><a class=\"bk-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.penguinrandomhouse.com\/books\/163984\/the-fifth-discipline-by-peter-m-senge\/9780385517256\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u2197<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"bk\" style=\"--bk:#0B8FA8\">\n<div class=\"bk-cover\"><span class=\"bk-year\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1995<\/bdi><\/span><b class=\"bk-ar\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/b><span class=\"bk-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">The Knowledge-Creating Company<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"bk-au\">\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a<\/span><\/div><figcaption><a class=\"bk-link\" href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/search?q=The+knowledge-creating+company+Nonaka+Takeuchi\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u2197<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"bk\" style=\"--bk:#073F7B\">\n<div class=\"bk-cover\"><span class=\"bk-year\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1996<\/bdi><\/span><b class=\"bk-ar\">\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/b><span class=\"bk-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Leading Change<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"bk-au\">\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u062a\u0631<\/span><\/div><figcaption><a class=\"bk-link\" href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/search?q=Leading+change+Kotter\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u2197<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"bk\" style=\"--bk:#C98A12\">\n<div class=\"bk-cover\"><span class=\"bk-year\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1997<\/bdi><\/span><b class=\"bk-ar\">\u0645\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631<\/b><span class=\"bk-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">The Innovator&#8217;s Dilemma<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"bk-au\">\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0633\u0646<\/span><\/div><figcaption><a class=\"bk-link\" href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/search?q=The+innovator%27s+dilemma+Christensen\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u2197<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"bk\" style=\"--bk:#0A64A9\">\n<div class=\"bk-cover\"><span class=\"bk-year\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1998<\/bdi><\/span><b class=\"bk-ar\">\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/b><span class=\"bk-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Strategy Safari<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"bk-au\">\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0628\u0631\u062c \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0624\u0647<\/span><\/div><figcaption><a class=\"bk-link\" href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/search?q=Strategy+safari+Mintzberg\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u2197<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"bk\" style=\"--bk:#0B8FA8\">\n<div class=\"bk-cover\"><span class=\"bk-year\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">2008<\/bdi><\/span><b class=\"bk-ar\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629<\/b><span class=\"bk-en\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Fast Strategy<\/bdi><\/span><span class=\"bk-au\">\u062f\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/div><figcaption><a class=\"bk-link\" href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/search?q=Fast+strategy+Doz+Kosonen\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u2197<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"table-wrap\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0635\u0647<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0643<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">Mini MBA<\/bdi><\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646 4 \u0625\u0644\u0649 8 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">MBA<\/bdi><\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0631\u063a \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h3 id=\"sec-16-1\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0647\u0627<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u064a\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0628 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a:<\/strong> \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote class=\"callout\">\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\u061f<\/strong> \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 30 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/201005289720\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628<\/a> \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sec normal came-section\" id=\"sec-17\">\n<div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"ord\">\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a: \u0646\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"sec-17-1\">7 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/h3>\n<ol type=\"1\">\n<li><strong>\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a:<\/strong> \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">OKRs<\/bdi> \u0644\u062c\u0648\u062c\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u064b\u0627.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u062f \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646:<\/strong> \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 70% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Gallup, 2026b<\/bdi>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641:<\/strong> \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644:<\/strong> \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0646\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"sec-17-2\">\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062e\u0637 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sec normal came-section\" id=\"sec-18\">\n<div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"ord\">\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629: \u0623\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0643\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-wrap\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0640<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/minimba\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u063a\u0631 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME Mini MBA<\/bdi><\/a><\/td>\n<td>60 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646 (36 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u064824 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639) \u0623\u0648 48 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/lmd\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME LMD<\/bdi><\/a><\/td>\n<td>63 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 85 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 8 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>11 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/cpm\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME CPM<\/bdi><\/a><\/td>\n<td>21 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 28 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 21<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/clc\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME CLC<\/bdi><\/a><\/td>\n<td>15 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 24 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 21<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/slc\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME SLC<\/bdi><\/a><\/td>\n<td>32 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 (24 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u06488 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/strategic_agility_certificate\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME GSAC<\/bdi><\/a><\/td>\n<td>35 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 42 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/csp\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME CSP<\/bdi><\/a><\/td>\n<td>32 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 (24 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u06488 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">SWOT<\/bdi> \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/chairman_board_certificate\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME CBC<\/bdi><\/a><\/td>\n<td>30 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 40 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0635\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/ftmc\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME FTMC<\/bdi><\/a><\/td>\n<td>24 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 32 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/cppm\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME CPPM<\/bdi><\/a><\/td>\n<td>42 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646 (21 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u064821 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639)<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0648 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">OKRs<\/bdi> \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/cmc\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME CMC<\/bdi><\/a><\/td>\n<td>15 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 24 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/certified-professional-ai-for-business-came-cpaib\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME CPAIB<\/bdi><\/a><\/td>\n<td>30 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u064820 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 (\u0623\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h3 id=\"sec-18-1\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f:<\/strong> \u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0640 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">Mini MBA<\/bdi>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629:<\/strong> \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0623\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627:<\/strong> \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0623\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/strong> \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a:<\/strong> \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"sec-18-2\">\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062d\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u061f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/consulting\/request\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/a>\u060c \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-wrap\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u061f<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0634\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0643 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0649<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"sec-18-3\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u062a\u0643: \u0623\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062b \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"sec-18-4\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">Mini MBA<\/bdi> \u0623\u0645 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">MBA<\/bdi> \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0640 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">MBA<\/bdi> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631. \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">Mini MBA<\/bdi> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0640 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">Mini MBA<\/bdi> \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0640 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">MBA<\/bdi> \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<p class=\"related\"><span class=\"rel-label\">\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631<\/span><span class=\"rel-text\">\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0641\u062d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/certificates\/programslist\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sec normal came-section\" id=\"sec-19\">\n<div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"ord\">\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0643\u061f \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u061f<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"sec-19-1\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0642\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0641\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647.<\/li>\n<li>\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647.<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"sec-19-2\">\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 21 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642: \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0643 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0640 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">MBA<\/bdi> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0646 \u0646\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sec normal came-section\" id=\"sec-20\">\n<div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"ord\">\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 5 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 30 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0650\u0633 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<ol type=\"1\">\n<li><strong>\u0634\u062e\u0651\u0635 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0643:<\/strong> \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0640 15 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0643:<\/strong> \u0646\u0641\u0651\u0630 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 3 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629: \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0643\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0643\u061f \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0637\u0644\u0643\u061f<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062c\u0631\u0651\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0633\u0651\u0645\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0643:<\/strong> \u0627\u0639\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u062b\u0651\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627:<\/strong> \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<blockquote class=\"callout callout-cta\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646:<\/strong> \u0627\u062d\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u062a\u0643\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/201005289720\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u0631<\/a> \u0623\u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/971509083200\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c<\/a>\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/consulting\/request\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/a> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"ask\">\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0643: \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0640 15 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u061f \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u061f<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sec faq came-section\" id=\"sec-21\">\n<div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"ord\">\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq\">\n<details open=\"\">\n<summary><span class=\"q\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u061f<\/span><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"chev\"><\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"ans\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary><span class=\"q\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u061f<\/span><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"chev\"><\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"ans\">\n<p>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u063a\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary><span class=\"q\">\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627\u061f<\/span><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"chev\"><\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"ans\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u201c\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0631\u201d \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0647. \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary><span class=\"q\">\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0645 \u0641\u0646\u061f<\/span><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"chev\"><\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"ans\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627. \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary><span class=\"q\">\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/span><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"chev\"><\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"ans\">\n<p>\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0644: \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary><span class=\"q\">\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u061f<\/span><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"chev\"><\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"ans\">\n<p>\u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 30% \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0632\u064a (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">Aghina et al., 2021<\/bdi>).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary><span class=\"q\">\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u061f<\/span><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"chev\"><\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"ans\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary><span class=\"q\">\u0647\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u061f<\/span><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"chev\"><\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"ans\">\n<p>\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a: \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary><span class=\"q\">\u0647\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629\u061f<\/span><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"chev\"><\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"ans\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629: \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary><span class=\"q\">\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">VUCA<\/bdi> \u0648 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">BANI<\/bdi>\u061f<\/span><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"chev\"><\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"ans\">\n<p><bdi dir=\"ltr\">VUCA<\/bdi> \u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u0645\u0627 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">BANI<\/bdi> \u0641\u0635\u0627\u063a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2020\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0634\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0644\u0650\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary><span class=\"q\">\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/span><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"chev\"><\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"ans\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062f. \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0628 (2020)\u060c \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 3 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary><span class=\"q\">\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629\u061f<\/span><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"chev\"><\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"ans\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0631\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary><span class=\"q\">\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u061f<\/span><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"chev\"><\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"ans\">\n<p>12 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a 4 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary><span class=\"q\">\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064b\u0627\u061f<\/span><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"chev\"><\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"ans\">\n<p>\u0644\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0632\u064a 2026 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 9 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 10 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 37% \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u064a\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary><span class=\"q\">\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">Mini MBA<\/bdi> \u0648\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">MBA<\/bdi>\u061f<\/span><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"chev\"><\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"ans\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0640 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">MBA<\/bdi> \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">Mini MBA<\/bdi> \u0641\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary><span class=\"q\">\u0647\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/span><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"chev\"><\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"ans\">\n<p>\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u0623\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062b \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">Zoom<\/bdi> \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary><span class=\"q\">\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/span><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"chev\"><\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"ans\">\n<p>\u0646\u0639\u0645. \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 35,000 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary><span class=\"q\">\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u061f<\/span><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"chev\"><\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"ans\">\n<p>\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631: \u0627\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0643 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME FTMC<\/bdi> \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"related\"><span class=\"rel-label\">\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631<\/span><span class=\"rel-text\">\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/201005289720\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628<\/a> \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0634\u062f\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sec about came-section\" id=\"sec-22\">\n<div class=\"sec-head no-ord\">\n<h2>\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<h3 id=\"sec-22-1\">\u062f. \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0628<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a. \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 30 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 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\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/drhusseinalghorab\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">LinkedIn<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"sec-22-2\">\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME Center<\/bdi>)<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1993 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 35,000 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2003. \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0633.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">CAME BMU<\/bdi>)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 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\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645\" class=\"band came-section\" id=\"contact\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div>\n<h2>\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645<\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u0646\u0630 1993\u060c \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 150 \u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 100 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 35,000 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 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class=\"contact\">\n<div class=\"cline\">\n<div><small>\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u0631<\/small><span class=\"num\">00201005289720<\/span><\/div>\n<p><a class=\"act\" href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/201005289720?text=%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AD%D8%A8%D9%8B%D8%A7%D8%8C%20%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A3%D8%AA%20%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%20%C2%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB%D8%A9%3A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85%20%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA%C2%BB%20%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89%20%D9%85%D9%88%D9%82%D8%B9%20%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2%20%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%20%D9%88%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%BA%D8%A8%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%20%D8%B9%D9%86%20%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AC%20%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9%20%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84.\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\"><path d=\"M16 3C8.8 3 3 8.7 3 15.8c0 2.5.7 4.9 2 7L3 29l6.4-2c2 1.1 4.3 1.7 6.6 1.7 7.2 0 13-5.7 13-12.8S23.2 3 16 3zm6 15.6c-.3-.2-1.9-.9-2.2-1-.3-.1-.5-.2-.7.2-.2.3-.8 1-1 1.2-.2.2-.4.2-.7.1-.3-.2-1.4-.5-2.6-1.6-1-.9-1.6-1.9-1.8-2.2-.2-.3 0-.5.1-.7l.5-.6c.2-.2.2-.4.3-.6.1-.2 0-.4 0-.6l-1-2.4c-.3-.6-.5-.5-.7-.5h-.6c-.2 0-.6.1-.9.4-.3.3-1.2 1.1-1.2 2.7s1.2 3.2 1.4 3.4c.2.2 2.4 3.6 5.8 5 .8.3 1.4.5 1.9.7.8.3 1.5.2 2.1.1.6-.1 1.9-.8 2.2-1.5.3-.7.3-1.4.2-1.5-.1-.2-.3-.3-.7-.4z\" fill=\"#1FAF55\"><\/path><\/svg>\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"cline\">\n<div><small>\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c<\/small><span class=\"num\">00971509083200<\/span><\/div>\n<p><a class=\"act\" href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/971509083200?text=%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AD%D8%A8%D9%8B%D8%A7%D8%8C%20%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A3%D8%AA%20%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%20%C2%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB%D8%A9%3A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85%20%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA%C2%BB%20%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89%20%D9%85%D9%88%D9%82%D8%B9%20%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2%20%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%20%D9%88%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%BA%D8%A8%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%20%D8%B9%D9%86%20%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AC%20%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9%20%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84.\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\"><path d=\"M16 3C8.8 3 3 8.7 3 15.8c0 2.5.7 4.9 2 7L3 29l6.4-2c2 1.1 4.3 1.7 6.6 1.7 7.2 0 13-5.7 13-12.8S23.2 3 16 3zm6 15.6c-.3-.2-1.9-.9-2.2-1-.3-.1-.5-.2-.7.2-.2.3-.8 1-1 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aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#0A5FA6\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><rect height=\"14\" rx=\"2\" width=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"5\"><\/rect><path d=\"m3 7 9 6 9-6\"><\/path><\/svg>\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"came-foot\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<span>\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a | CAME Center | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">www.camecenter.com<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"CAME\" 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class=\"wrap refs-area\">\n<div class=\"sec refs came-section\" id=\"sec-23\">\n<div class=\"sec-head no-ord\">\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 APA (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639): \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u201c\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a\u201d.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062d. (2025). <em>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642<\/em> (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2026). \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. https:\/\/www.camecenter.com\/articles\/strategic-agility-guide<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062d. (2026). <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d: 12 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a 4 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/em>. \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">Aghina, W., Handscomb, C., Salo, O., &amp; Thaker, S. (2021, May 25). <em>The impact of agility: How to shape your organization to compete<\/em>. 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(2025). <em>The future of jobs report 2025<\/em>. https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/publications\/the-future-of-jobs-report-2025\/digest\/<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">[{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"Article\", \"headline\": \"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 21\", \"dateModified\": \"2026-10-31\", \"alternativeHeadline\": \"\u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 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\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u061f\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0644: \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 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\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 30% \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0632\u064a ( Aghina et al., 2021 ).\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u061f\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"\u0647\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629\u061f\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0642 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 VUCA \u0648 BANI \u061f\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"VUCA \u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u0645\u0627 BANI \u0641\u0635\u0627\u063a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2020\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0634\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0644\u0650\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u061f\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 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\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064b\u0627\u061f\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"\u0644\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0632\u064a 2026 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 9 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 10 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 37% \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u064a\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 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\"\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u0623\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062b \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 Zoom \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061f\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"\u0646\u0639\u0645. \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 35,000 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 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